Uso de la Azitromicina en Odontopediatría

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

La azitromicina, constituye una clase nueva y especial de antibióticos macrólidos conocida con el nombre de azálidos. Su comportamiento farmacocinético le confiere propiedades inusuales nunca antes observadas en fármacos de naturaleza similar. La administración de este antibiótico en el paciente odontopediátrico ofrece múltiples ventajas debido a ciertas características que le son propias: un amplio espectro de actividad, una posología muy cómoda para el paciente y la madre, una adecuada tolerancia, así como también una significativa penetración en los distintos tejidos. De esta manera, la azitromicina se considera tan o incluso más efectiva y segura que otros agentes antimicrobianos de uso frecuente por el Especialista en Odontología Infantil. Por ello, esta investigación permite conocer su efectividad clínica en las infecciones odontogénicas más comunes, las pautas referentes a su indicación y administración, los efectos adversos que pueden presentarse y las interacciones farmacológicas de fundamental importancia, para lograr dar al niño un tratamiento odontológico óptimo sobre las bases del conocimiento científico.

Translated abstract

The azithromycin is a new and special kind of macrolide antibiotic known as azalide. Its pharmacokinetic effect furnishes it with unusual properties never observed in any other drug of similar nature.The application of this antibiotic in the paediatric patient offers multiple advantages due to its very special characteristics: a wide spectrum of activity, a very convenient dosage for patient and mother; an adequate tolerance, as well as deep penetration in different tissues. For these reasons, azithromycin is considered as effective as, and even more effective than any other antimicrobial substance frequently used by specialists in paediatric dentistry. This research presents information about its clinical efficiency in the treatment of most common infections in dentistry, its dosage and application guidelines, the adverse effects and the most important pharmacological interactions to secure the best treatment on the basis of scientific knowledge.

Related collections

Most cited references 36

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Oral mucosal lesions associated with the wearing of removable dentures.

Marit E. Jørgensen (1981)

Lesions of the oral mucosa associated with wearing of removable dentures may represent acute or chronic reactions to microbial denture plaque, a reaction to constituents of the denture base material, or a mechanical denture injury. The lesions constitute a heterogeneous group with regard to pathogenesis. They include denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, traumatic ulcers, denture irritation hyperplasia, flabby ridges, and oral carcinomas. Denture stomatitis is the most common condition which affects the palatal mucosa in about 50% of wearers of complete or partial removable dentures. Most of the lesions caused by chronic infection (Candida albicans) or mechanical injury whereas allergic reactions to the denture base materials are uncommon. Angular cheilitis (lesions of the angles of the mouth) is characterized by maceration, erythema and crust formation. The prevalence is about 15% among wearers of complete dentures. The lesions have an infectious origin but several local, including prosthetic, or systemic predisposing conditions are usually present. Traumatic ulcers caused by dentures with overextended or unbalanced occlusion are seen in about 5% of denture wearers. Denture irritation hyperplasia, which is caused by chronic injury of the tissue in contact with the denture border, is present in about 12% of denture wearers. Flabby ridge, which is replacement of alveolar bone by fibrous tissue, is present in 10-20%. Finally, there is evidence that chronic injury of the oral mucosa by dentures in rare instances may predispose to development of carcinomas. Most types of lesions are benign and quite symptomless. However, diagnosis may be difficult and the more severe and dramatic tissue reactions to dentures may indicate underlying systemic diseases. In order to prevent or minimize the extent of the lesions, denture wearers should be recalled regularly for an examination of the oral cavity and the dentures. It is important that the examination is carried out by a person who has adequate medical knowledge.

0 comments Cited 64 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Clinical toleration and safety of azithromycin.

Scott Hopkins (1991)

The toleration and safety profile of the azalide antibiotic, azithromycin, has been assessed in 3,995 patients aged 2-94 (mean, 36) years, comprising 1,644 females and 2,351 males. Patients with infections of the respiratory tract or skin/skin structure received 1.5 g azithromycin over 5 days; patients with urethritis/cervicitis caused by Chlamydia were treated with 1 g as a single dose. Assessments of side effects and laboratory safety test abnormalities were made pretreatment and approximately 7-14 and 30 days after the start of therapy. Twelve standard antibiotics have been used for comparison. Overall, side effects were recorded in 12.0% of patients, significantly less (p less than 0.05) than with comparative drugs (14.2%). The most common side effects were diarrhea (3.6%), abdominal pain (2.5%), and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Ninety-three percent of side effects were classed as mild or moderate, and only 0.7% of patients withdrew from treatment, significantly less (p less than 0.001) than with comparative agents (2.6%). The frequency of side effects was not affected by patient age. Azithromycin had no marked or consistent effect on laboratory safety parameters. Treatment-related laboratory abnormalities were rare, the most common being transient increases of ALT and AST in 1.7% and 1.5% of patients, respectively. Specific tests revealed no neurologic, audiometric, or ophthalmologic abnormalities, or evidence of phospholipidosis. There were no pharmacokinetic interactions observed with theophylline, warfarin, cimetidine, carbamazepine, or methylprednisolone, but coadministration with food altered the absorption of the drug. Coadministration with antacids decreased the peak serum concentration of azithromycin, but did not affect its overall absorption. Azithromycin was well tolerated in the presence of a wide variety of concurrent illnesses and medications.

0 comments Cited 26 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin and their clinical significance.

H Lode (1991)

The usefulness of erythromycin is limited by its poor pharmacokinetic profile which is characterised by low blood levels and poor gastric acid stability. Erythromycin's short half-life means that a four-times daily dosage schedule is required for effective treatment. In comparison, the azalide structure of azithromycin confers a much improved pharmacokinetic profile. The bioavailability of azithromycin is approximately 37% in humans (25% for erythromycin). Serum concentrations decline in a polyphasic manner and the relatively short serum half-life (11-14 hours recorded 8-24 hours after last dose) is an indication of the initial rapid distribution of drug into the tissues. The low serum levels recorded 24 hours or more after the end of administration are thought to reflect the slow release of azithromycin from tissues. Tissue concentrations exceed serum concentrations by as much as 100-fold following a single 500 mg oral dose. Macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes concentrate azithromycin at levels greater than those found in tissues themselves. During multiple dosing, tissue half-life increases with duration of administration and the tissue to serum ratio further increases. High concentrations of drug are found in tissues such as tonsil, lung, prostate, liver and lymph nodes with relatively low concentrations in fat and muscle. Significantly, the sustained high levels of drug in the tissues appears to correlate with good in vivo activity. Two 1.5 g regimens have been investigated in clinical trials: 500 mg on day 1, followed by 250 mg daily on days 2 to 5; or 500 mg daily for three days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

0 comments Cited 20 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Eva Pimentel Herrezuelo: Role: ND

Esmeralda Salazar de Plaza: Role: ND

Journal

Journal ID (publisher): aov

Title: Acta Odontológica Venezolana

Abbreviated Title: Acta odontol. venez

Publisher: Facultad de Odontología -UCV (Caracas )

ISSN: 0001-6365

Publication date (Print): April 2001

Volume: 39

Issue: 2

Pages: 64-69

Affiliations

[1 ] Universidad Central de Venezuela

[2 ] Universidad Central de Venezuela

Article

Publisher ID: S0001-63652001000200012

SO-VID: 7929e1c9-6b74-4d88-a426-73a82094f5b2

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

History

Product

SciELO Venezuela

Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0001-6365&lng=en

Uso de la Azitromicina en Odontopediatría

Read this article at

Abstract

Translated abstract

Related collections

SciELO Venezuela

Most cited references 36

Oral mucosal lesions associated with the wearing of removable dentures.

Clinical toleration and safety of azithromycin.

The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin and their clinical significance.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Product

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 647

Most referenced authors 146