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      Centile charts for birthweight for gestational age for Scottish singleton births

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          Abstract

          Background

          Centile charts of birthweight for gestational age are used to identify low birthweight babies. The charts currently used in Scotland are based on data from the 1970s and require updating given changes in birthweight and in the measurement of gestational age since then.

          Methods

          Routinely collected data of 100,133 singleton births occurring in Scotland from 1998–2003 were used to construct new centile charts using the LMS method.

          Results

          Centile charts for birthweight for sex and parity groupings were constructed for singleton birth and compared to existing charts used in Scottish hospitals.

          Conclusion

          Mean birthweight has been shown to have increased over recent decades. The differences shown between the new and currently used centiles confirm the need for more up-to-date centiles for birthweight for gestational age.

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          Exploratory Data Analysis.

          J. TUKEY, J. W. TUKEY, JW TUKEY … (1977)
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            Why are babies getting bigger? Temporal trends in fetal growth and its determinants.

            Robert Platt, R H Usher, Hong Yang … (2002)
            To describe temporal trends in fetal "growth" and to examine the roles of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and other determinants. Hospital-based cohort study of 61,437 nonmalformed singleton live births at 22 to 43 weeks' gestational age. Four main measures were examined: (1) birth weight, (2) birth weight-for-gestational-age Z score, (3) small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and (4) large-for-gestational age (LGA), with the latter 3 measures based on a recently developed population-based Canadian reference. Gestational age was based on the last normal menstrual period if confirmed (+/- 1 week) by early ultrasonogram. The mean birth weight and Z score increased significantly (P or =37 weeks, with a corresponding reduction in % SGA and a rise in % LGA. No consistent trends were seen among births 34 to 36 or < or =33 weeks. When simultaneous changes in maternal prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, height, cigarette smoking, and other clinical and sociodemographic factors were controlled by using multiple logistic regression, the temporal trends for term infants were no longer evident. Increases in maternal anthropometry, reduced cigarette smoking, and changes in sociodemographic factors have led to an increase in the weight of infants born at or after term.
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              Goodness-of-fit statistics for age-specific reference intervals.

              Stephen E Wright, P Royston (2000)
              The age-specific reference interval is a commonly used screening tool in medicine. It involves estimation of extreme quantile curves (such as the 5th and 95th centiles) of a reference distribution of clinically normal individuals. It is crucial that models used to estimate such intervals fit the data extremely well. However, few procedures to assess goodness-of-fit have been proposed in the literature, and even fewer have been evaluated systematically. Here we consider procedures based on the distribution of the Z-scores (standardized residuals) from a model and on Pearson chi(2) statistics for observed and expected counts in groups defined by age and the estimated reference centile curves. Two of the procedures (Q and grid tests) are mainly inferential, whereas the third (permutation bands and B-tests) is essentially graphical. We obtain approximations to the null distributions of several relevant test statistics and examine their size and power for a range of models based on real data sets. We recommend Q-tests in all situations where Z-scores are available since they are general, simple to calculate and usually have the highest power among the three classes of test considered. For the cases considered the grid tests are always inferior to the Q- and B- tests. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
                Title: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2393
                Publication date Collection: 2008
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 February 2008
                Volume: 8
                Page: 5
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Accountancy, Economics and Statistics, Napier University, 10 Colinton Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, UK
                [2 ]ISD, Gyle Square, 1 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh, EH12 9EB, UK
                [3 ]NPEU, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
                [4 ]Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
                [5 ]Sir James Spence Institute of Child Health, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1471-2393-8-5
                DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-8-5
                PMC ID: 2268653
                PubMed ID: 18298810
                SO-VID: 7894d125-72d4-4204-b8c2-18ad00e5569a
                Copyright © Copyright © 2008 Bonellie et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 7 September 2007
                Date accepted : 25 February 2008
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology

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