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      Characterizations of individual mouse red blood cells parasitized by Babesia microti using 3-D holographic microscopy

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          Abstract

          Babesia microti causes “emergency” human babesiosis. However, little is known about the alterations in B. microti invaded red blood cells ( Bm-RBCs) at the individual cell level. Through quantitative phase imaging techniques based on laser interferometry, we present the simultaneous measurements of structural, chemical, and mechanical modifications in individual mouse Bm-RBCs. 3-D refractive index maps of individual RBCs and in situ parasite vacuoles are imaged, from which total contents and concentration of dry mass are also precisely quantified. In addition, we examine the dynamic membrane fluctuation of Bm-RBCs, which provide information on cell membrane deformability.

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          Refractive index maps and membrane dynamics of human red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum.

          Monica Díez-Díaz, YongKeun Park, Subra Suresh … (2008)
          Parasitization by malaria-inducing Plasmodium falciparum leads to structural, biochemical, and mechanical modifications to the host red blood cells (RBCs). To study these modifications, we investigate two intrinsic indicators: the refractive index and membrane fluctuations in P. falciparum-invaded human RBCs (Pf-RBCs). We report experimental connections between these intrinsic indicators and pathological states. By employing two noninvasive optical techniques, tomographic phase microscopy and diffraction phase microscopy, we extract three-dimensional maps of refractive index and nanoscale cell membrane fluctuations in isolated RBCs. Our systematic experiments cover all intraerythrocytic stages of parasite development under physiological and febrile temperatures. These findings offer potential, and sufficiently general, avenues for identifying, through cell membrane dynamics, pathological states that cause or accompany human diseases.
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            Optical imaging of cell mass and growth dynamics.

            Gabriel Popescu, YoungKeun Park, R. Dasari … (2008)
            Using novel interferometric quantitative phase microscopy methods, we demonstrate that the surface integral of the optical phase associated with live cells is invariant to cell water content. Thus, we provide an entirely noninvasive method to measure the nonaqueous content or "dry mass" of living cells. Given the extremely high stability of the interferometric microscope and the femtogram sensitivity of the method to changes in cellular dry mass, this new technique is not only ideal for quantifying cell growth but also reveals spatially resolved cellular and subcellular dynamics of living cells over many decades in a temporal scale. Specifically, we present quantitative histograms of individual cell mass characterizing the hypertrophic effect of high glucose in a mesangial cell model. In addition, we show that in an epithelial cell model observed for long periods of time, the mean squared displacement data reveal specific information about cellular and subcellular dynamics at various characteristic length and time scales. Overall, this study shows that interferometeric quantitative phase microscopy represents a noninvasive optical assay for monitoring cell growth, characterizing cellular motility, and investigating the subcellular motions of living cells.
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              Quantitative Phase Imaging Techniques for the Study of Cell Pathophysiology: From Principles to Applications

              KyeoReh Lee, Kyoohyun Kim, Jaehwang Jung … (2013)
              A cellular-level study of the pathophysiology is crucial for understanding the mechanisms behind human diseases. Recent advances in quantitative phase imaging (QPI) techniques show promises for the cellular-level understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases. To provide important insight on how the QPI techniques potentially improve the study of cell pathophysiology, here we present the principles of QPI and highlight some of the recent applications of QPI ranging from cell homeostasis to infectious diseases and cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 June 2015
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Volume: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: 10827
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
                [2 ]Division of Malaria & Parasitic Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention , Chungbuk 363-951, Republic of Korea
                Author notes
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                Publisher Item ID: srep10827
                DOI: 10.1038/srep10827
                PMC ID: 4650620
                PubMed ID: 26039793
                SO-VID: 789075cb-6242-4a75-b9d5-ee5c05270cc6
                Copyright © Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 12 September 2014
                Date accepted : 20 April 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Article

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