Career development of doctorally prepared nurses

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Abstract

Aim

To integrate research literature regarding careers, career development and factors influencing the career development of doctorally prepared nurses.

Design

An integrative review.

Data Sources

Medline, CINAHL and Embase were searched in June 2022 without time restrictions.

Methods

Peer‐reviewed empirical publications written in English with different types of study designs were included. Two researchers independently applied eligibility criteria, selected studies and conducted quality appraisals using Joanna Briggs checklists. Data were extracted and analysed using a convergent integrated approach with thematic analysis. Themes were established within three categories based on the research questions: career, career development and factors influencing career development.

Results

Twenty‐two studies were included. Nine themes were identified. One theme regarding careers describes that doctorally prepared nurses need to prioritize work within different positions. The two themes focusing on career development described the need to determine career goals after the doctorate and further develop competencies. Six themes described factors influencing career development: ‘Intrinsic motivation to improve health care and nursing education’, ‘Available support sources’, ‘Professional development programmes’, ‘Work–life balance’, ‘Organizational infrastructures for career advancement’ and ‘Competition and hostile treatment among colleagues’.

Conclusion

Limited knowledge of the careers and career development of doctorally prepared nurses was found. Doctorally prepared nurses need to balance work with various part‐time positions. Careers and career development could be supported by the development of structures for career advancement as well as supportive working environments.

Impact

Doctorally prepared nurses with strong careers are important to health care and nursing as they generate and implement new knowledge into clinical practice and thereby support the improvement of (nursing) care and patient outcomes. This study provides considerations towards strengthening the careers of doctorally prepared nurses.

Reporting Method

PRISMA.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.

Related collections

Most cited references 70

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Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews

Mourad Ouzzani, Hossam Hammady, Zbys Fedorowicz … (2017)

Background Synthesis of multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in a systematic review can summarize the effects of individual outcomes and provide numerical answers about the effectiveness of interventions. Filtering of searches is time consuming, and no single method fulfills the principal requirements of speed with accuracy. Automation of systematic reviews is driven by a necessity to expedite the availability of current best evidence for policy and clinical decision-making. We developed Rayyan (http://rayyan.qcri.org), a free web and mobile app, that helps expedite the initial screening of abstracts and titles using a process of semi-automation while incorporating a high level of usability. For the beta testing phase, we used two published Cochrane reviews in which included studies had been selected manually. Their searches, with 1030 records and 273 records, were uploaded to Rayyan. Different features of Rayyan were tested using these two reviews. We also conducted a survey of Rayyan’s users and collected feedback through a built-in feature. Results Pilot testing of Rayyan focused on usability, accuracy against manual methods, and the added value of the prediction feature. The “taster” review (273 records) allowed a quick overview of Rayyan for early comments on usability. The second review (1030 records) required several iterations to identify the previously identified 11 trials. The “suggestions” and “hints,” based on the “prediction model,” appeared as testing progressed beyond five included studies. Post rollout user experiences and a reflexive response by the developers enabled real-time modifications and improvements. The survey respondents reported 40% average time savings when using Rayyan compared to others tools, with 34% of the respondents reporting more than 50% time savings. In addition, around 75% of the respondents mentioned that screening and labeling studies as well as collaborating on reviews to be the two most important features of Rayyan. As of November 2016, Rayyan users exceed 2000 from over 60 countries conducting hundreds of reviews totaling more than 1.6M citations. Feedback from users, obtained mostly through the app web site and a recent survey, has highlighted the ease in exploration of searches, the time saved, and simplicity in sharing and comparing include-exclude decisions. The strongest features of the app, identified and reported in user feedback, were its ability to help in screening and collaboration as well as the time savings it affords to users. Conclusions Rayyan is responsive and intuitive in use with significant potential to lighten the load of reviewers.

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The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

Matthew J L Page, Joanne E. Mckenzie, Patrick Bossuyt … (2021)

Matthew Page and co-authors describe PRISMA 2020, an updated reporting guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

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The integrative review: updated methodology.

Robin Whittemore, Kathleen Knafl (2005)

The aim of this paper is to distinguish the integrative review method from other review methods and to propose methodological strategies specific to the integrative review method to enhance the rigour of the process. Recent evidence-based practice initiatives have increased the need for and the production of all types of reviews of the literature (integrative reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and qualitative reviews). The integrative review method is the only approach that allows for the combination of diverse methodologies (for example, experimental and non-experimental research), and has the potential to play a greater role in evidence-based practice for nursing. With respect to the integrative review method, strategies to enhance data collection and extraction have been developed; however, methods of analysis, synthesis, and conclusion drawing remain poorly formulated. A modified framework for research reviews is presented to address issues specific to the integrative review method. Issues related to specifying the review purpose, searching the literature, evaluating data from primary sources, analysing data, and presenting the results are discussed. Data analysis methods of qualitative research are proposed as strategies that enhance the rigour of combining diverse methodologies as well as empirical and theoretical sources in an integrative review. An updated integrative review method has the potential to allow for diverse primary research methods to become a greater part of evidence-based practice initiatives.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Lisa van Dongen: (View ORCID Profile)

Thóra B. Hafsteinsdottir: (View ORCID Profile)

Marion E. Broome: (View ORCID Profile)

Riitta Suhonen: (View ORCID Profile)

Helena Leino‐Kilpi: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Title: Journal of Advanced Nursing

Abbreviated Title: Journal of Advanced Nursing

Publisher: Wiley

ISSN (Print): 0309-2402

ISSN (Electronic): 1365-2648

Publication date (Electronic): September 10 2023

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland

[2 ] CWZ Academe Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis Nijmegen The Netherlands

[3 ] Nursing Science Department, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands

[4 ] School of Nursing Duke University Durham North Carolina USA

[5 ] Turku University Hospital Turku Finland

[6 ] City of Turku Welfare Division Turku Finland

Article

DOI: 10.1111/jan.15847

SO-VID: 781c50cd-2dd1-41dd-88bc-8bebe2426086

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Career development of doctorally prepared nurses

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Abstract

Aim

Design

Data Sources

Methods

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Impact

Reporting Method

Patient or Public Contribution

Related collections

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Most cited references 70

Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews

The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

The integrative review: updated methodology.

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