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      Elliptical-tube off-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy

      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 2
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      Journal: Applied Physics Letters
      Publisher: AIP Publishing

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          Abstract

          We propose an elliptical-tube off-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (EO-QEPAS) method in which an elliptical tube is employed as an acoustic resonator, instead of a circular resonator in QEPAS, to match the stripe-like beam emitted from a high-power multimode laser diode (MLD). A lower noise level than that of conventional QEPAS is achieved due to the optimal matching between the elliptical resonator and the beam profile, hence resulting in a ∼3 times higher signal-to-noise ratio gain factor compared with the circular resonator. The parameters of the elliptical resonator are optimized, and a 1 σ normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 3.4 × 10 −8 cm −1 W/Hz 1/2 is obtained for dry NO 2 detection at normal atmospheric pressure. EO-QEPAS paves the way for developing compact, cost-effective, and highly sensitive gas sensors based on the combination of MLDs and QEPAS.

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          Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy.

          A Kosterev, Yu A Bakhirkin, R. Curl … (2002)
          A new approach to detecting a weak photoacoustic signal in a gas medium is described. Instead of a gas-filled resonant acoustic cavity, the sound energy is accumulated in a high- Q crystal element. Feasibility experiments utilizing a quartz-watch tuning fork demonstrate a sensitivity of 1.2x10(-7) cm(-1) W/ radicalHz . Potential further developments and applications of this technique are discussed.
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            Beat frequency quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy for fast and calibration-free continuous trace-gas monitoring

            Hongpeng Wu, Lei Dong, Huadan Zheng … (2017)
            Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) is a sensitive gas detection technique which requires frequent calibration and has a long response time. Here we report beat frequency (BF) QEPAS that can be used for ultra-sensitive calibration-free trace-gas detection and fast spectral scan applications. The resonance frequency and Q-factor of the quartz tuning fork (QTF) as well as the trace-gas concentration can be obtained simultaneously by detecting the beat frequency signal generated when the transient response signal of the QTF is demodulated at its non-resonance frequency. Hence, BF-QEPAS avoids a calibration process and permits continuous monitoring of a targeted trace gas. Three semiconductor lasers were selected as the excitation source to verify the performance of the BF-QEPAS technique. The BF-QEPAS method is capable of measuring lower trace-gas concentration levels with shorter averaging times as compared to conventional PAS and QEPAS techniques and determines the electrical QTF parameters precisely.
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              Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy: A Review

              Pietro Patimisco, Gaetano Scamarcio, Frank Tittel … (2014)
              A detailed review on the development of quartz-enhanced photoacoustic sensors (QEPAS) for the sensitive and selective quantification of molecular trace gas species with resolved spectroscopic features is reported. The basis of the QEPAS technique, the technology available to support this field in terms of key components, such as light sources and quartz-tuning forks and the recent developments in detection methods and performance limitations will be discussed. Furthermore, different experimental QEPAS methods such as: on-beam and off-beam QEPAS, quartz-enhanced evanescent wave photoacoustic detection, modulation-cancellation approach and mid-IR single mode fiber-coupled sensor systems will be reviewed and analysed. A QEPAS sensor operating in the THz range, employing a custom-made quartz-tuning fork and a THz quantum cascade laser will be also described. Finally, we evaluated data reported during the past decade and draw relevant and useful conclusions from this analysis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Title: Applied Physics Letters
                Abbreviated Title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
                Publisher: AIP Publishing
                ISSN (Print): 0003-6951
                ISSN (Electronic): 1077-3118
                Publication date Created: April 25 2022
                Publication date (Print): April 25 2022
                Volume: 120
                Issue: 17
                Page: 171101
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
                [2 ]Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
                [3 ]Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
                Article
                DOI: 10.1063/5.0086697
                SO-VID: 78115873-7b9a-4811-9cdf-cbffa119d86d
                Copyright © © 2022
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