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      Evaluation of biocontrol efficacy of rhizosphere Pseudomonas aeruginosa for management of Phytophthora capsici of pepper

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          Abstract

          A significant population of biocontrol microorganisms resides in the rhizosphere of plants, which can be utilized for plant disease control. To explore the potential of rhizosphere soil microorganisms as biocontrol agents against pepper blight, a bacterial strain Pa608 was screened from rhizosphere soil of pepper and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa through morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences. The result showed that the strain Pa608 demonstrated antagonistic activity against Phytophthora capsici, effectively suppressing mycelial growth. The potted experiment showed a high control efficacy of 88.0%. Remarkably, the strain Pa608 also reduced the disease index of pepper blight in the field, resulting in control efficiencies of 74.9%. Moreover, the strain Pa608 also enhanced pepper plant height and yield. GC-MS analysis revealed the production of numerous secondary metabolites by the strain Pa608, with α-pinene displaying potent anti-oomycete activity by inhibiting P. capsici growth. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa Pa608 exhibited high biocontrol activity against P. capsici and can be utilized for the management of P. capsici in pepper cultivation.

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          MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets.

          We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. In this major upgrade, Mega has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. Researchers can now explore and analyze tens of thousands of sequences in Mega The new version also provides an advanced wizard for building timetrees and includes a new functionality to automatically predict gene duplication events in gene family trees. The 64-bit Mega is made available in two interfaces: graphical and command line. The graphical user interface (GUI) is a native Microsoft Windows application that can also be used on Mac OS X. The command line Mega is available as native applications for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. They are intended for use in high-throughput and scripted analysis. Both versions are available from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            Analysis of actinomycete communities by specific amplification of genes encoding 16S rRNA and gel-electrophoretic separation in denaturing gradients.

            A group-specific primer, F243 (positions 226 to 243, Escherichia coli numbering), was developed by comparison of sequences of genes encoding 16S rRNA (16S rDNA) for the detection of actinomycetes in the environment with PCR and temperature or denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE or DGGE, respectively). The specificity of the forward primer in combination with different reverse ones was tested with genomic DNA from a variety of bacterial strains. Most actinomycetes investigated could be separated by TGGE and DGGE, with both techniques giving similar results. Two strategies were employed to study natural microbial communities. First, we used the selective amplification of actinomycete sequences (E. coli positions 226 to 528) for direct analysis of the products in denaturing gradients. Second, a nested PCR providing actinomycete-specific fragments (E. coli positions 226 to 1401) was used which served as template for a PCR when conserved primers were used. The products (E. coli positions 968 to 1401) of this indirect approach were then separated by use of gradient gels. Both approaches allowed detection of actinomycete communities in soil. The second strategy allowed the estimation of the relative abundance of actinomycetes within the bacterial community. Mixtures of PCR-derived 16S rDNA fragments were used as model communities consisting of five actinomycetes and five other bacterial species. Actinomycete products were obtained over a 100-fold dilution range of the actinomycete DNA in the model community by specific PCR; detection of the diluted actinomycete DNA was not possible when conserved primers were used. The methods tested for detection were applied to monitor actinomycete community changes in potato rhizosphere and to investigate actinomycete diversity in different soils.
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              Structure, function and regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa porins.

              Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the γ-proteobacteria. Like other members of the Pseudomonas genus, it is known for its metabolic versatility and its ability to colonize a wide range of ecological niches, such as rhizosphere, water environments and animal hosts, including humans where it can cause severe infections. Another particularity of P. aeruginosa is its high intrinsic resistance to antiseptics and antibiotics, which is partly due to its low outer membrane permeability. In contrast to Enterobacteria, pseudomonads do not possess general diffusion porins in their outer membrane, but rather express specific channel proteins for the uptake of different nutrients. The major outer membrane 'porin', OprF, has been extensively investigated, and displays structural, adhesion and signaling functions while its role in the diffusion of nutrients is still under discussion. Other porins include OprB and OprB2 for the diffusion of glucose, the two small outer membrane proteins OprG and OprH, and the two porins involved in phosphate/pyrophosphate uptake, OprP and OprO. The remaining nineteen porins belong to the so-called OprD (Occ) family, which is further split into two subfamilies termed OccD (8 members) and OccK (11 members). In the past years, a large amount of information concerning the structure, function and regulation of these porins has been published, justifying why an updated review is timely.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: MethodologyRole: Visualization
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLOS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                20 September 2024
                2024
                : 19
                : 9
                : e0309705
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Aine Arts and Design, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan, China
                [2 ] Department of Plant Quarantine, Forest Pest and Disease Management & Quarantine Station of Linxia Gansu Province, Linxia, Ganshu, China
                [3 ] College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Huan, China
                [4 ] Henan Institute of Science and Technology, School of Resource and Environment, Xinxiang, Henan, China
                [5 ] Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
                Sakarya Uygulamali Bilimler Universitesi, TÜRKIYE
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2255-2749
                Article
                PONE-D-24-16941
                10.1371/journal.pone.0309705
                11414977
                39302985
                780fb00e-7fb3-4d25-8b3a-0ea78908d2eb
                © 2024 Li et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 27 April 2024
                : 16 August 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 0, Pages: 14
                Funding
                Funded by: the Education Department of Hunan Province
                Award ID: 20A262
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100017709, Department of Transportation of Hunan Province;
                Award ID: 20C0958
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: he science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province
                Award ID: 2023NK2014
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by the Education Department of Hunan Province, China (No. 20A262), the Jinhua Science and Technology project, Zhejiang Province, China (No. 2019A21035), Hunan Provincial Department of Education, China (No. 20C0958) and the science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province, China (No. 2023NK2014). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Ecology
                Plant Ecology
                Plant-Environment Interactions
                Rhizosphere
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Ecology
                Plant Ecology
                Plant-Environment Interactions
                Rhizosphere
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Ecology
                Plant-Environment Interactions
                Rhizosphere
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Bacterial Pathogens
                Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Bacterial Pathogens
                Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Bacteria
                Pseudomonas
                Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Mycology
                Fungal Structure
                Mycelium
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Bacteria
                Pseudomonas
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Pathology
                Plant Pathogens
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Fungi
                Oomycetes
                Phytophthora
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Oomycetes
                Phytophthora
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Chromatographic Techniques
                Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Analytical Chemistry
                Mass Spectrometry
                Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Spectrum Analysis Techniques
                Mass Spectrometry
                Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Pathology
                Plant Pathogens
                Plant Fungal Pathogens
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

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