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Abstract
The structures of glycoproteins that mediate enveloped virus entry into cells have
revealed dramatic structural changes that accompany membrane fusion and provided mechanistic
insights into this process. The group of class I viral fusion proteins includes the
influenza hemagglutinin, paramyxovirus F, HIV env, and other mechanistically related
fusogens, but these proteins are unrelated in sequence and exhibit clearly distinct
structural features. Recently determined crystal structures of the paramyxovirus F
protein in two conformations, representing pre-fusion and post-fusion states, reveal
a novel protein architecture that undergoes large-scale, irreversible refolding during
membrane fusion, extending our understanding of this diverse group of membrane fusion
machines.