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      Psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the CASP-19, a measure of quality of life in early old age: the HAPIEE study

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          Abstract

          Objectives: The aim was to assess the reliability and validity of the quality of life (QoL) instrument CASP-19, and three shorter versions of CASP-12 in large population sample of older adults from the HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol, and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe) study.

          Methods: From the Czech Republic, Russia, and Poland, 13,210 HAPIEE participants aged 50 or older completed the retirement questionnaire including CASP-19 at baseline. Three shorter 12-item versions were also derived from original 19-item instrument. Psychometric validation used confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation, and construct validity.

          Results: The second-order four-factor model of CASP-19 did not provide a good fit to the data. Two-factor CASP-12v.3 including residual covariances for negative items to account for the method effect of negative items had the best fit to the data in all countries (CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.05, and WRMR = 1.65 in the Czech Republic; 0.96, 0.94, 0.07, and 2.70 in Poland; and 0.93, 0.90, 0.08, and 3.04 in Russia). Goodness-of-fit indices for the two-factor structure were substantially better than second-order models.

          Conclusions: This large population-based study is the first validation study of CASP scale in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), which includes a general population sample in Russia, Poland, and the Czech Republic. The results of this study have demonstrated that the CASP-12v.3 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing QoL among adults aged 50 years or older. This version of CASP is recommended for use in future studies investigating QoL in the CEE populations.

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          Most cited references82

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          The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection.

          A 36-item short-form (SF-36) was constructed to survey health status in the Medical Outcomes Study. The SF-36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys. The SF-36 includes one multi-item scale that assesses eight health concepts: 1) limitations in physical activities because of health problems; 2) limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems; 3) limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; 4) bodily pain; 5) general mental health (psychological distress and well-being); 6) limitations in usual role activities because of emotional problems; 7) vitality (energy and fatigue); and 8) general health perceptions. The survey was constructed for self-administration by persons 14 years of age and older, and for administration by a trained interviewer in person or by telephone. The history of the development of the SF-36, the origin of specific items, and the logic underlying their selection are summarized. The content and features of the SF-36 are compared with the 20-item Medical Outcomes Study short-form.
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            Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires.

            Recently, an increasing number of systematic reviews have been published in which the measurement properties of health status questionnaires are compared. For a meaningful comparison, quality criteria for measurement properties are needed. Our aim was to develop quality criteria for design, methods, and outcomes of studies on the development and evaluation of health status questionnaires. Quality criteria for content validity, internal consistency, criterion validity, construct validity, reproducibility, longitudinal validity, responsiveness, floor and ceiling effects, and interpretability were derived from existing guidelines and consensus within our research group. For each measurement property a criterion was defined for a positive, negative, or indeterminate rating, depending on the design, methods, and outcomes of the validation study. Our criteria make a substantial contribution toward defining explicit quality criteria for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. Our criteria can be used in systematic reviews of health status questionnaires, to detect shortcomings and gaps in knowledge of measurement properties, and to design validation studies. The future challenge will be to refine and complete the criteria and to reach broad consensus, especially on quality criteria for good measurement properties.
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              Data Resource Profile: the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).

              SHARE is a unique panel database of micro data on health, socio-economic status and social and family networks covering most of the European Union and Israel. To date, SHARE has collected three panel waves (2004, 2006, 2010) of current living circumstances and retrospective life histories (2008, SHARELIFE); 6 additional waves are planned until 2024. The more than 150 000 interviews give a broad picture of life after the age of 50 years, measuring physical and mental health, economic and non-economic activities, income and wealth, transfers of time and money within and outside the family as well as life satisfaction and well-being. The data are available to the scientific community free of charge at www.share-project.org after registration. SHARE is harmonized with the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and has become a role model for several ageing surveys worldwide. SHARE's scientific power is based on its panel design that grasps the dynamic character of the ageing process, its multidisciplinary approach that delivers the full picture of individual and societal ageing, and its cross-nationally ex-ante harmonized design that permits international comparisons of health, economic and social outcomes in Europe and the USA.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Aging Ment Health
                Aging Ment Health
                CAMH
                camh20
                Aging & Mental Health
                Routledge
                1360-7863
                1364-6915
                3 July 2015
                25 July 2014
                : 19
                : 7 , Special Section: Quality of life and the CASP-19
                : 595-609
                Affiliations
                [ a ]Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London , London, UK
                [ b ]Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London , London, UK
                [ c ]Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch under the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Novosibirsk, Russia
                [ d ]Novosibirsk State Medical University , Novosibirsk, Russia
                [ e ]Environmental Health Monitoring System, National Institute of Public Health , Prague, Czech Republic
                [ f ]Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow, Poland
                [ g ]Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Email: h.pikhart@ 123456ucl.ac.uk
                Article
                938605
                10.1080/13607863.2014.938605
                4396435
                25059754
                778bae60-3bb8-4e86-84fe-5ae0fff40968
                © 2014 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

                History
                : 5 March 2014
                : 14 June 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 6, References: 51, Pages: 15
                Funding
                The HAPIEE study was funded by grants from the Wellcome Trust ‘Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases in Eastern Europe: A multi-centre cohort study’ (reference no. 064947 and 081081), the US National Institute of Aging ‘Health Disparities and Aging in Societies in Transition (the HAPIEE study)’ [grant number 1R01 AG3522] and a grant from the MacArthur Foundation ‘Health and Social Upheaval (a research network)’ [grant number 712058].
                Categories
                Special Section on Quality of Life and the CASP-19

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                quality of life,casp-19,well-being,psychometrics,old age
                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                quality of life, casp-19, well-being, psychometrics, old age

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