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      Long non-coding RNAs and JAK/STAT signaling pathway regulation in colorectal cancer development

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          Abstract

          Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main fatal cancers. Cell signaling such as Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling substantially influences the process of gene expression and cell growth. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play regulatory roles in cell signaling, cell proliferation, and cancer fate. Hence, lncRNAs can be considered biomarkers in cancers. The inhibitory or activating effects of different lncRNAs on the JAK/STAT pathway regulate cancer cell proliferation or tumor suppression. Additionally, lncRNAs regulate immune responses which play a role in immunotherapy. Mechanisms of lncRNAs in CRC via JAK/STAT regulation mainly include cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, adhesion, and control of inflammation. More profound findings are warranted to specifically target the lncRNAs in terms of activation or suppression in hindering CRC cell proliferation. Here, to understand the lncRNA cross-talk in CRC through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, we collected the related in vitro and in vivo data. Future insights may pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic tools, therapeutic interventions, and personalized treatment strategies for CRC patients.

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          Most cited references123

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          Colorectal cancer.

          More than 1·2 million patients are diagnosed with colorectal cancer every year, and more than 600,000 die from the disease. Incidence strongly varies globally and is closely linked to elements of a so-called western lifestyle. Incidence is higher in men than women and strongly increases with age; median age at diagnosis is about 70 years in developed countries. Despite strong hereditary components, most cases of colorectal cancer are sporadic and develop slowly over several years through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The cornerstones of therapy are surgery, neoadjuvant radiotherapy (for patients with rectal cancer), and adjuvant chemotherapy (for patients with stage III/IV and high-risk stage II colon cancer). 5-year relative survival ranges from greater than 90% in patients with stage I disease to slightly greater than 10% in patients with stage IV disease. Screening has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, but organised screening programmes are still to be implemented in most countries. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Non-coding RNAs in Development and Disease: Background, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approaches.

            Advances in RNA-sequencing techniques have led to the discovery of thousands of non-coding transcripts with unknown function. There are several types of non-coding linear RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), as well as circular RNAs (circRNA) consisting of a closed continuous loop. This review guides the reader through important aspects of non-coding RNA biology. This includes their biogenesis, mode of actions, physiological function, as well as their role in the disease context (such as in cancer or the cardiovascular system). We specifically focus on non-coding RNAs as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
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              Revisiting STAT3 signalling in cancer: new and unexpected biological functions.

              The Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, particularly STAT3, are among the most promising new targets for cancer therapy. In addition to interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its family members, multiple pathways, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and microRNAs were recently identified to regulate JAK-STAT signalling in cancer. Well known for its role in tumour cell proliferation, survival, invasion and immunosuppression, JAK-STAT3 signalling also promotes cancer through inflammation, obesity, stem cells and the pre-metastatic niche. In addition to its established role as a transcription factor in cancer, STAT3 regulates mitochondrion functions, as well as gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Newly identified regulators and functions of JAK-STAT3 in tumours are important targets for potential therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.
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                Author and article information

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                Journal
                Front Genet
                Front Genet
                Front. Genet.
                Frontiers in Genetics
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-8021
                29 November 2023
                2023
                : 14
                : 1297093
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center , Fasa University of Medical Sciences , Fasa, Iran
                [2] 2 College of Science , University of Tikrit University , Tikrit, Iraq
                [3] 3 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China , Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer , Guangzhou, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Bodhisattwa Banerjee, University of Vermont, United States

                Reviewed by: Sumit Mukherjee, National Cancer Institute (NIH), United States

                Mehak Gupta, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, United States

                *Correspondence: Hailin Tang, tanghl@ 123456sysucc.org.cn ; Zhangling Wang, wangzl1@ 123456sysucc.org.cn
                Article
                1297093
                10.3389/fgene.2023.1297093
                10716712
                38094755
                7719d769-3c53-4005-85df-c698ac5bf188
                Copyright © 2023 Ghasemian, Omear, Mansoori, Mansouri, Deng, Darbeheshti, Zarenezhad, Kohansal, Pezeshki, Wang and Tang.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 19 September 2023
                : 10 November 2023
                Funding
                The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
                .
                Categories
                Genetics
                Review
                Custom metadata
                RNA

                Genetics
                long non-coding rnas,colorectal cancer,janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,signaling pathways,regulation

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