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      Inquérito domiciliar de prevalência de tracoma em crianças do Distrito Federal, Brasil, julho/2010 Translated title: Survey of prevalence trachoma of children in Distrito Federal, Brazil, july/2010

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          Abstract

          Realizamos um estudo de corte transversal na Vila Estrutural (DF), utilizando amostragem por conglomerados. Os objetivos do estudo foram estimar a prevalência de tracoma em crianças de um a nove anos, descrever o perfil sociodemográfico dos casos e identificar possíveis fatores de risco associados à doença. A medida de associação foi razão de prevalência estimada pela odds ratio e o intervalo de confiança 95% (IC95%). Foram amostradas 766 crianças de 1 a 9 anos e encontrada prevalência de tracoma ativo de 12,5%. A alta prevalência observada reforça que a doença permanece como um problema de saúde pública, sendo necessária a adoção de medidas de controle, com vistas à eliminação da doença, enquanto causa de cegueira. Recomendamos capacitar profissionais da área para detecção e monitoramento de situação epidemiológica e adotar atividades de educação em saúde com enfoque em medidas de controle e prevenção.

          Translated abstract

          We conducted a cross-sectional study in Vila Estrutural (DF) using cluster sampling. This study aimed to estimate prevalence of trachoma in children aged one to nine years, to describe the socio-demographic profile of cases, and to identify possible risk factors associated with the disease. The association measure was prevalence ratio estimated by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI95%). We sampled 766 children aged 1 to 9 years and found a prevalence of active trachoma of 12.5%. The high prevalence reinforces that the disease remains a public health problem, being necessary to adopt control measures, in order to eliminate the disease as a cause of blindness. We recommend enabling professionals to detect and to monitor the epidemiological situation and adopt health education activities focusing on prevention and control measures.

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          Most cited references52

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          Guia de vigilância epidemiológica

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            Prevalence odds ratio or prevalence ratio in the analysis of cross sectional data: what is to be done?

            To review the appropriateness of the prevalence odds ratio (POR) and the prevalence ratio (PR) as effect measures in the analysis of cross sectional data and to evaluate different models for the multivariate estimation of the PR. A system of linear differential equations corresponding to a dynamic model of a cohort with a chronic disease was developed. At any point in time, a cross sectional analysis of the people then in the cohort provided a prevalence based measure of the effect of exposure on disease. This formed the basis for exploring the relations between the POR, the PR, and the incidence rate ratio (IRR). Examples illustrate relations for various IRRs, prevalences, and differential exodus rates. Multivariate point and interval estimation of the PR by logistic regression is illustrated and compared with the results from proportional hazards regression (PH) and generalised linear modelling (GLM). The POR is difficult to interpret without making restrictive assumptions and the POR and PR may lead to different conclusions with regard to confounding and effect modification. The PR is always conservative relative to the IRR and, if PR > 1, the POR is always > PR. In a fixed cohort and with an adverse exposure, the POR is always > or = IRR, but in a dynamic cohort with sufficient underlying follow up the POR may overestimate or underestimate the IRR, depending on the duration of follow up. Logistic regression models provide point and interval estimates of the PR (and POR) but may be intractable in the presence of many covariates. Proportional hazards and generalised linear models provide statistical methods directed specifically at the PR, but the interval estimation in the case of PH is conservative and the GLM procedure may require constrained estimation. The PR is conservative, consistent, and interpretable relative to the IRR and should be used in preference to the POR. Multivariate estimation of the PR should be executed by means of generalised linear models or, conservatively, by proportional hazards regression.
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              Trachoma: global magnitude of a preventable cause of blindness.

              Trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. It is known to be highly correlated with poverty, limited access to healthcare services and water. In 2003, the WHO estimated that 84 million people were suffering from active trachoma, and 7.6 million were severely visually impaired or blind as a result of trachoma: this study provides an updated estimate of the global prevalence of trachoma based on the most recent information available. A literature search of recent published and unpublished surveys in the 57 endemic countries was carried out: the result of surveys that used the WHO trachoma grading system and additional information from regional and country experts served as a basis to determine the prevalence of trachoma in each country. Population-based surveys provided recent information for 42 out of 57 endemic countries. 40.6 million people are estimated to be suffering from active trachoma, and 8.2 million are estimated to have trichiasis. The current estimate of prevalence of trachoma is lower than the previous WHO estimates: this can be explained by the success in implementing control strategy, by more accurate data, as well as by socio-economic development in endemic countries.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                cadsc
                Cadernos Saúde Coletiva
                Cad. saúde colet.
                Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1414-462X
                2358-291X
                September 2013
                : 21
                : 3
                : 318-324
                Affiliations
                [04] Brasília DF orgnameSecretaria Municipal de Saúde de Brasília Brazil
                [01] Brasília DF orgnameMinistério da Saúde orgdiv1Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis Brazil
                [02] Brasília DF orgnameMinistério da Saúde orgdiv1EPISUS CGVR DEVEP Brazil
                [05] Brasília DF orgnameMinistério da Saúde orgdiv1Instituto Evandro Chagas orgdiv2laboratório de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST)/Tracoma Brazil
                [03] Brasília DF orgnameMinistério da Saúde orgdiv1Programa Nacional de Vigilância e Controle do Tracoma DEVEP Brazil
                Article
                S1414-462X2013000300013
                10.1590/S1414-462X2013000300013
                76f968e2-d67f-49ad-a680-4ffb262e8819

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 July 2013
                : 27 August 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                tracoma,análise por conglomerados,prevalência,cluster analysis,prevalence,chlamydia trachomatis,trachoma

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