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      Evaluation of thermal stress indexes for dairy cows in tropical regions Translated title: Escolha de índices de estresse térmico para vacas leiteiras em ambiente tropical

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          Abstract

          Data from 359 Holstein and 54 Jersey cows (total of 1359 observations) collected in commercial herds in the northeast of Brazil were used to evaluate six environmental stress indexes. The selection criterion was the correlation between the index value with the rectal temperature (RT) and the respiratory rate (RR) of cows. Both Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) and Black Globe-Humidity Index (BGHI) had the lowest correlations with animal RT and RR. The selected indexes were the Equivalent Temperature Index (r = 0.293 and 0.520 with RT and RR, respectively) and the Heat Load Index (0.286 and 0.542, respectively).

          Translated abstract

          Seis índices de estresse ambiental foram aplicados a 1.359 dados de 359 vacas Holandesas e 54 vacas Jersey em rebanhos comerciais do Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte. O critério de seleção aplicado aos índices foi sua correlação com a temperatura retal e a freqüência respiratória dos animais. O Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (THI) e o Índice de Globo e Umidade (BGHI) apresentaram os piores resultados, com correlações muito baixas com as respostas dos animais. Os índices escolhidos foram o Índice de Temperatura Equivalente (ESI), correlacionado significativamente com a temperatura retal (r = 0,293) e a freqüência respiratória (r = 0,520), e o Índice de Carga Térmica (HLI), com correlações r = 0,286 e r = 0,542 respectivamente.

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          Most cited references18

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          Introdução à Bioclimatologia Animal

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            Thermal interaction between animal and microclimate: a comprehensive model.

            An equation based on heat transfer theory is developed to predict the rate of heat loss from a homeothermic vertebrate to the environment, specified by the air temperature, humidity, windspeed and radiation receipt. The analysis incorporates the animal's thermoregulatory responses--sweating ability, vasomotor action, and regulation of body-core temperature, metabolic and respiratory rate. The loss of heat and water vapour from cattle is used as an illustration, and particular attention is given to their heat balance in hot environments. The predicted rates of heat loss from cattle indoors at various air temperatures and humidities are consistent with experiments. Outdoors, intercepted solar radiation can reduce substantially heat loss through the body tissue when the air temperature is low. In contrast, at high air temperatures the heat dissipation may not be sensitive to the radiation load, although body-core temperature is. Increased rates of air movement can aggravate strain at low air temperatures, but mitigate strain in a hot environment.
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              The Globe Thermometer in Studies of Heating and Ventilation

              The effects of radiation and convection on the globe thermometer have been studied. Equations have been obtained, and alignment charts constructed, for the calculation of mean radiation intensity and of equivalent temperature from readings of the globe thermometer, air temperature and air velocity. The accuracy of these methods has been tested on observations made under industrial conditions. Taking direct thermopile observations as the standard, the mean radiation intensity values calculated from globe thermometer readings had an average error of 1·2 B.Th.U. per sq. ft. per hour. With eupatheoscope readings as standard, equivalent temperature estimates had a mean error of 1·2°. It is concluded that, while globe thermometer readings alone are unreliable as indications of the effects of the thermal environment, valuable results can be obtained by using the instrument along with an ordinary thermometer and a silvered kata-thermometer.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa )
                1806-9290
                August 2007
                : 36
                : 4 suppl
                : 1192-1198
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual Paulista
                [2 ] Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido
                [3 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
                Article
                S1516-35982007000500028
                10.1590/S1516-35982007000500028
                769d8fb8-a9e9-474e-ac7c-068967ed6c49

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3598&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                Animal agriculture,General veterinary medicine
                dairy cattle,thermal comfort index,tropical environment,ambiente tropical,gado leiteiro,índices de conforto térmico

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