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      Escala de Clima Ético Universitário (ECEU): Propriedades psicométricas Translated title: University Ethical Climate Scale (UECS): Psychometric properties Translated title: Escala de Clima Ético Universitario (ECEU): Propiedades psicométricas

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Compreender o Clima Ético Universitário é fundamental para a promoção de políticas e práticas institucionais que visem a formação ética dos atores sociais inseridos neste espaço. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um novo instrumento para avaliar o Clima Ético Universitário, para o contexto brasileiro, e analisar as suas evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna, consistência interna e validade critério. A amostra foi composta por 3.484 universitários, com idade média de 22,8 anos (DP = 6,92). A escala é um instrumento de autorrelato, com 28 itens. Empregou-se análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, resultando em uma escala formada por oito fatores de primeira ordem: segurança, acolhimento institucional à diversidade, engajamento acadêmico institucional, indicadores de vitimização, bem-estar, indicadores de ansiedade e depressão, enfrentamento institucional ao abuso ou assédio, suporte social e institucional percebido, os quais conjuntamente explicam cerca de 71,3% da variância, e um fator de segunda ordem: clima ético universitário. As correlações evidenciaram validade convergente entre os fatores positivos da escala, como segurança, respeito e não discriminação; e validade divergente entre os fatores negativos da escala, como indicadores de vitimização, de ansiedade e depressão, e os fatores de segurança e respeito e não discriminação. Em relação à validade preditiva, verificou-se que seis dos oito fatores foram preditores da ocorrência de respeito e não discriminação. Os resultados apontam a escala como uma alternativa confiável, prática e original para avaliações de Clima Ético Universitário, podendo ser ferramenta de análise que oriente ações institucionais para promoção da convivência ética.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Understanding the University Ethical Climate is fundamental for the promotion of institutional policies and practices that aim at the ethical formation of the social actors inserted in this space. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a new instrument to assess the University Ethical Climate, for the Brazilian context, and to analyze its validity evidences based on internal structure, internal consistency and criterion validity. The sample consisted of 3.484 university students, with an average age of 22.8 years (SD = 6.92). The scale is a self-report instrument with 28 items. We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, finding a scale with eight first-order factors: safety, institutional embracing of diversity, institutional academic engagement, victimization indicators, well-being, anxiety and depression indicators, institutional coping with abuse or harassment, perceived social and institutional support, which together explain about 71.3% of the variance, and a second-order factor: university ethical climate. The correlations showed convergent validity between the positive factors of the scale, as safety, respect, and non-discrimination; and divergent validity between the negative factors of the scale, such as indicators of victimization, of anxiety and of depression, and the factors of safety, respect, and non-discrimination. Furthermore, the predictive validity proposed in the regression model showed that six of the eight components were predictors of respect and non-discrimination. The results point to the scale as a reliable, practical, and original alternative for evaluations of University Ethical Climate. Moreover, it can be an analysis tool to guide institutional policies and practices that promote ethical coexistence.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Comprender el Clima Ético Universitario es fundamental para la promoción de políticas y prácticas institucionales que apunten a la formación ética de los actores sociales insertos en este espacio. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un nuevo instrumento para evaluar el Clima Ético Universitario, para el contexto brasileño, y analizar sus evidencias de validez a partir de la estructura interna, la consistencia interna y la validez de criterio. La amuestra fue 3.484 estudiantes universitarios (edad media = 22.8 años, DS = 6.92). La escala es un instrumento de autoinforme, con 28 ítems. Se utilizó análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, resultando una escala con ocho factores de primer orden: la seguridad, el acogimiento institucional a la diversidad, el compromiso académico institucional, los indicadores de victimización, el bienestar, los indicadores de ansiedad y depresión, el afrontamiento institucional del abuso o el acoso, el apoyo social e institucional percibido, que en conjunto explican alrededor del 71.3% de la varianza, y un factor de segundo orden: el clima ético universitario. Las correlaciones mostraron validez convergente entre los factores positivos de la escala, como la seguridad y el respeto y la no discriminación; y validez divergente entre los factores negativos de la escala, como indicadores de victimización e de ansiedad y depresión y los factores de seguridad y respeto y no discriminación. La validez predictiva propuesta en el modelo de regresión mostró que seis de los ocho factores eran predictores del respeto y la no discriminación. La escala se mostró una herramienta fiable, práctica y original para evaluar el Clima Ético Universitario y orientar las políticas y prácticas institucionales que promuevan la convivencia ética.

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          New Well-being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings

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            From alpha to omega: a practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation.

            Coefficient alpha is the most popular measure of reliability (and certainly of internal consistency reliability) reported in psychological research. This is noteworthy given the numerous deficiencies of coefficient alpha documented in the psychometric literature. This mismatch between theory and practice appears to arise partly because users of psychological scales are unfamiliar with the psychometric literature on coefficient alpha and partly because alternatives to alpha are not widely known. We present a brief review of the psychometric literature on coefficient alpha, followed by a practical alternative in the form of coefficient omega. To facilitate the shift from alpha to omega, we also present a brief guide to the calculation of point and interval estimates of omega using a free, open source software environment. © 2013 The British Psychological Society.
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              The coefficient of determination R-squared is more informative than SMAPE, MAE, MAPE, MSE and RMSE in regression analysis evaluation

              Regression analysis makes up a large part of supervised machine learning, and consists of the prediction of a continuous independent target from a set of other predictor variables. The difference between binary classification and regression is in the target range: in binary classification, the target can have only two values (usually encoded as 0 and 1), while in regression the target can have multiple values. Even if regression analysis has been employed in a huge number of machine learning studies, no consensus has been reached on a single, unified, standard metric to assess the results of the regression itself. Many studies employ the mean square error (MSE) and its rooted variant (RMSE), or the mean absolute error (MAE) and its percentage variant (MAPE). Although useful, these rates share a common drawback: since their values can range between zero and +infinity, a single value of them does not say much about the performance of the regression with respect to the distribution of the ground truth elements. In this study, we focus on two rates that actually generate a high score only if the majority of the elements of a ground truth group has been correctly predicted: the coefficient of determination (also known as R -squared or R 2 ) and the symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE). After showing their mathematical properties, we report a comparison between R 2 and SMAPE in several use cases and in two real medical scenarios. Our results demonstrate that the coefficient of determination ( R -squared) is more informative and truthful than SMAPE, and does not have the interpretability limitations of MSE, RMSE, MAE and MAPE. We therefore suggest the usage of R -squared as standard metric to evaluate regression analyses in any scientific domain.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpe
                Revista Portuguesa de Educação
                Rev. Port. de Educação
                Centro de Investigação em Educação. Instituto de Educação da Universidade do Minho (Braga, , Portugal )
                0871-9187
                2183-0452
                December 2023
                : 36
                : 2
                : e23044
                Affiliations
                [3] Rondônia orgnameSecretaria Municipal de Educação de Ji-Paraná Brazil
                [1] Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná Brazil
                [4] Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia Brazil
                [2] São Paulo orgnameInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0871-91872023000200216 S0871-9187(23)03600200216
                10.21814/rpe.31246
                7644446c-99d2-4bad-ba74-189897a74251

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 November 2021
                : 07 November 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 69, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Portugal

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                Artigos Originais

                Values,Policies,University.,Valores,Clima universitário,Convivência,Políticas,Universidade.,Clima universitario,Convivencia,Universidad.,Campus climate,Coexistence

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