Melatonin and 5-fluorouracil combination chemotherapy: opportunities and efficacy in cancer therapy

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Abstract

Combined chemotherapy is a treatment method based on the simultaneous use of two or more therapeutic agents; it is frequently necessary to produce a more effective treatment for cancer patients. Such combined treatments often improve the outcomes over that of the monotherapy approach, as the drugs synergistically target critical cell signaling pathways or work independently at different oncostatic sites. A better prognosis has been reported in patients treated with combination therapy than in patients treated with single drug chemotherapy. In recent decades, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has become one of the most widely used chemotherapy agents in cancer treatment. This medication, which is soluble in water, is used as the first line of anti-neoplastic agent in the treatment of several cancer types including breast, head and neck, stomach and colon cancer. Within the last three decades, many studies have investigated melatonin as an anti-cancer agent; this molecule exhibits various functions in controlling the behavior of cancer cells, such as inhibiting cell growth, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting invasion. The aim of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the role of melatonin as a complementary agent with 5-FU-based chemotherapy for cancers. Additionally, we identify the potential common signaling pathways by which melatonin and 5-FU interact to enhance the efficacy of the combined therapy.

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Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-023-01047-x.

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Most cited references 194

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5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies.

Daniel Longley, D. Paul Harkin, Patrick Johnston (2003)

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of cancer. Over the past 20 years, increased understanding of the mechanism of action of 5-FU has led to the development of strategies that increase its anticancer activity. Despite these advances, drug resistance remains a significant limitation to the clinical use of 5-FU. Emerging technologies, such as DNA microarray profiling, have the potential to identify novel genes that are involved in mediating resistance to 5-FU. Such target genes might prove to be therapeutically valuable as new targets for chemotherapy, or as predictive biomarkers of response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy.

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Is Open Access

Development of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of diseases

Ruei-Min Lu, Yu-Chyi Hwang, I-Ju Liu … (2020)

It has been more than three decades since the first monoclonal antibody was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in 1986, and during this time, antibody engineering has dramatically evolved. Current antibody drugs have increasingly fewer adverse effects due to their high specificity. As a result, therapeutic antibodies have become the predominant class of new drugs developed in recent years. Over the past five years, antibodies have become the best-selling drugs in the pharmaceutical market, and in 2018, eight of the top ten bestselling drugs worldwide were biologics. The global therapeutic monoclonal antibody market was valued at approximately US$115.2 billion in 2018 and is expected to generate revenue of $150 billion by the end of 2019 and $300 billion by 2025. Thus, the market for therapeutic antibody drugs has experienced explosive growth as new drugs have been approved for treating various human diseases, including many cancers, autoimmune, metabolic and infectious diseases. As of December 2019, 79 therapeutic mAbs have been approved by the US FDA, but there is still significant growth potential. This review summarizes the latest market trends and outlines the preeminent antibody engineering technologies used in the development of therapeutic antibody drugs, such as humanization of monoclonal antibodies, phage display, the human antibody mouse, single B cell antibody technology, and affinity maturation. Finally, future applications and perspectives are also discussed.

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Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction.

H U Simon, A. HAJ-YEHIA, F. Levi-Schaffer (2000)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria play an important role in apoptosis induction under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Interestingly, mitochondria are both source and target of ROS. Cytochrome c release from mitochondria, that triggers caspase activation, appears to be largely mediated by direct or indirect ROS action. On the other hand, ROS have also anti-apoptotic effects. This review focuses on the role of ROS in the regulation of apoptosis, especially in inflammatory cells.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Alireza Mafi: armafi.m@gmail.com

Malihe Rezaee: maliherezaee855@gmail.com

Neda Hedayati: nedahedayati134@gmail.com

Sara Diana Hogan: Sarahogan2021@gmail.com

Russel J. Reiter: reiter@uthscsa.edu

Mohammad-Hossein Aarabi:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6514-4492

mh.aarabi@pharm.mui.ac.ir

Zatollah Asemi:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-4792

asemi_r@yahoo.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cell Commun Signal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cell Commun Signal

Title: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1478-811X

Publication date (Electronic): 9 February 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 9 February 2023

Publication date Collection: 2023

Volume: 21

Electronic Location Identifier: 33

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.411036.1, ISNI 0000 0001 1498 685X, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, ; Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran

[2 ]GRID grid.411600.2, School of Medicine, , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran

[3 ]GRID grid.411705.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran

[4 ]GRID grid.411746.1, ISNI 0000 0004 4911 7066, School of Medicine, , Iran University of Medical Science, ; Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran

[5 ]GRID grid.8993.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9457, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, , Uppsala University, ; Uppsala, Sweden

[6 ]GRID grid.43582.38, ISNI 0000 0000 9852 649X, Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, , UT Health. Long School of Medicine, ; San Antonio, TX USA

[7 ]GRID grid.444768.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0612 1049, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, , Kashan University of Medical Sciences, ; Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran

Author information

Mohammad-Hossein Aarabi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6514-4492

Zatollah Asemi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-4792

Article

Publisher ID: 1047

DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01047-x

PMC ID: 9912526

PubMed ID: 36759799

SO-VID: 76087352-29a7-4054-8909-035b6d746749

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 30 August 2022

Date accepted : 14 January 2023

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology

Keywords: melatonin,5-fluorouracil,combination therapy,chemotherapy

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology

Keywords: melatonin, 5-fluorouracil, combination therapy, chemotherapy

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Melatonin and 5-fluorouracil combination chemotherapy: opportunities and efficacy in cancer therapy

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Supplementary Information

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GLUT4 biology

Most cited references 194

5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies.

Development of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of diseases

Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction.

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Cited by 9

Most referenced authors 10,584