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      Figura-fundo em tarefa dicótica e sua relação com habilidades não treinadas Translated title: Figure-background in dichotic task and their relation to skills untrained

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Objetivos: Verificar a eficácia do treinamento auditivo em tarefa dicótica e comparar as respostas da habilidade treinada com as repostas das habilidades não treinadas, após quatro e oito semanas. Métodos: 19 indivíduos, de 12 a 15 anos foram submetidos a um treinamento auditivo baseado no DIID e organizados em 8 sessões, com duração de 50 minutos por sessão. Realizaram a avaliação do processamento auditivo em três momentos: pré-intervenção, pós-intervenção na metade e no final do treinamento. Os dados desta avaliação foram analisados por grupo de distúrbio de acordo com as alterações nos processos auditivos avaliados: atenção seletiva e processamento temporal. Em cada um deles, denominado Grupo atenção seletiva (GAS) e Grupo processamento temporal (GPT), e em ambos os processos: Grupo atenção seletiva e processamento temporal (GASPT). Resultados: O treinamento melhorou a habilidade treinada e a não treinada de fechamento, normalizando todos os indivíduos. As habilidades não treinadas de resolução e ordenação temporal não atingiram a normalidade no GASPT e GPT. Conclusão: Os indivíduos alcançaram a normalidade para a habilidade treinada de figura-fundo e paraa não treinada de fechamento. Já as habilidades não treinadas de resolução e ordenação temporal melhoraram em alguns indivíduos, porém não atingiram a normalidade.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Purposes: To evaluate the effectiveness of auditory training in dichotic task and to compare the responses of trained skills with the responses of untrained skills, after 4-8 weeks. Methods: Nineteen subjects, aged 12-15 years, underwent an auditory training based on dichotic interaural intensity difference (DIID), organized in eight sessions, each lasting 50 min. The assessment of auditory processing was conducted in three stages: before the intervention, after the intervention, and in the middle and at the end of the training. Data from this evaluation were analyzed as per group of disorder, according to the changes in the auditory processes evaluated: selective attention and temporal processing. Each of them was named selective attention group (SAG) and temporal processing group (TPG), and, for both the processes, selective attention and temporal processing group (SATPG). Results: The training improved both the trained and untrained closing skill, normalizing all individuals. Untrained solving and temporal ordering skills did not reach normality for SATPG and TPG. Conclusions: Individuals reached normality for the trained figure-ground skill and for the untrained closing skill. The untrained solving and temporal ordering skills improved in some individuals but failed to reach normality.

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          Horizontal equity in health care utilization in Brazil, 1998–2008

          Introduction This study assesses trends in horizontal equity in the utilization of healthcare services from 1998 to 2008--a period of major economic and social change in Brazil. Methods Data are from nationally representative surveys repeated in 1998, 2003, and 2008. We apply established methods for assessing horizontal inequity in healthcare access (the principle that people with the same healthcare needs should have similar access to healthcare services). Horizontal inequity is calculated as the difference between observed healthcare utilization and utilization predicted by healthcare needs. Outcomes examined include the probability of a medical, dental, or hospital visit during the past 12 months; any health service use in the past two weeks; and having a usual source of healthcare. We use monthly family income to measure differences in socioeconomic position. Healthcare needs include age, sex, self-rated health, and chronic conditions. Non-need factors include income, education, geography, health insurance, and Family Health Strategy coverage. Results The probability of having at least one doctor visit in the past 12 months became substantially more equitable over time, ending with a slightly pro-rich orientation in 2008. Any hospitalization in the past 12 months was found to be pro-poor in all periods but became slightly less so in 2008. Dental visits showed the largest absolute decrease in horizontal inequity, although they were still the most inequitably (pro-rich) distributed outcome in 2008. Service use in the past two weeks showed decreased inequity in 2003 but exhibited no significant change between 2003 and 2008. Having a usual source of care became less pro-rich over time and was nearly income-neutral by 2008. Factors associated with greater inequities include income, having a private health plan, and geographic location. Factors associated with greater equity included health needs, schooling, and enrolment in the Family Health Strategy. Conclusions Healthcare utilization in Brazil appears to have become increasingly equitable over the past 10 years. Although this does not imply that equity in health outcomes has improved correspondingly, it does suggest that government policies aimed at increasing access, especially to primary care, have helped to make healthcare utilization in Brazil fairer over time.
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            Frequency (pitch) and duration pattern tests.

            Compact disc versions of the frequency (pitch) and duration pattern tests are reported. Results are similar to previous reports on these tests using taped materials. Mean performance of normal-hearing young adults for both pattern perception tests was approximately 90 percent. There was no effect of the two presentation levels used in this study. The compact disc version of these tests provides a high-fidelity measure of auditory pattern identification that can be administered easily.
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              Listas de sentenças em português: apresentação e estratégia de aplicação na audiologia.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                codas
                CoDAS
                CoDAS
                Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia (São Paulo )
                2317-1782
                October 2015
                : 27
                : 5
                : 419-427
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S2317-17822015000500419
                10.1590/2317-1782/20152014214
                756debda-3bad-4e4d-8956-52c8241834a1

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2317-1782&lng=en
                Categories
                AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
                REHABILITATION

                Audiology,Physiotherapy
                Percepção Auditiva,Transtornos da Percepção Auditiva,Speech,Hearing,Hearing Disorders,Auditory Perception,Auditory Perceptual Disorders,Fonoaudiologia,Audição,Transtornos da Audição

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