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      Age Prediction Using Pixel Value Sum from Radiographic Proximal Femur in a Thai Population Translated title: Predicción de la Edad Utilizando la Suma de Valores de Pixeles del Fémur Proximal Radiográfico en una Población Tailandesa

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          Abstract

          SUMMARY: The present study aimed to investigate the utility of the proximal femur in the forensic age estimation by assessing changes in bone densities through radiographs. Using Otsu’s threshold, bone density was quantified by counting all white pixel values within selected regions of interest, which include femoral head (FH), femoral neck (FN), Ward’s triangle (WT), and greater trochanter (GT) from 354 left femora of Northern Thai descent. The pixel width of medullary cavity (MC) was also estimated. Furthermore, the study evaluated the performance of linear regression (LR) models for age estimation from radiographic images of proximal femora. Negative correlations were observed between FH, FN, WT, and GT pixel intensity with the age-at-death of the samples, with females exhibiting stronger correlations than males. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between age and MC width in female samples, while male MC widths did not show any relationship with increasing age. The results showed a slight difference between the LR model applied to both sexes, which integrated all variables, and the alternative configuration that only utilized relevant attributes. Both models exhibited similar performance, with a narrow range of root mean square error (RMSE) values, ranging from 12.67 to 12.71 years, and a correlation coefficient range of 0.51 to 0.52. For females, the LR model with FN and WT as selected attributes (RMSE = 11.85 years, correlation coefficient = 0.65) performed decently, while for males, the LR model with all variables showed RMSE of 12.52 years and correlation coefficient of 0.46. This study showcased the potential application of pixel intensity in predicting age.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la utilidad del fémur proximal en la estimación forense de la edad mediante la evaluación de cambios en las densidades óseas a través de radiografías. Utilizando el umbral de Otsu, la densidad ósea se cuantificó contando todos los valores de pixeles blancos dentro de regiones de interés seleccionadas, que incluyen la cabeza femoral (CF), el cuello femoral (CF), el triángulo de Ward (WT) y el trocánter mayor (TM) de 354 fémures izquierdos de ascendencia del norte de Tailandia. También se estimó el ancho de pixeles de la cavidad medular (CM). Además, el estudio evaluó el rendimiento de modelos de regresión lineal (RL) para la estimación de la edad a partir de imágenes radiográficas de fémur proximal. Se observaron correlaciones negativas entre la intensidad de los pixeles CF, CF, WT y TM con la edad de muerte, y las mujeres exhibieron correlaciones más fuertes que los hombres. Además, se encontró una correlación positiva entre la edad y el ancho del CM en muestras de mujeres, mientras que el ancho del CM del hombre no mostró ninguna relación con el aumento de la edad. Los resultados mostraron una ligera diferencia entre el modelo RL aplicado a ambos sexos, que integraba todas las variables, y la configuración alternativa que sólo utilizaba atributos relevantes. Ambos modelos mostraron un rendimiento similar, con un rango estrecho de valores del error cuadrático medio (RMSE), que oscilaba entre 12,67 y 12,71 años, y un rango de coeficiente de correlación de 0,51 a 0,52. Para las mujeres, el modelo RL con CF y WT como atributos seleccionados (RMSE = 11,85 años, coeficiente de correlación = 0,65) tuvo un desempeño satisfactorio, mientras que para los hombres, el modelo RL con todas las variables mostró un RMSE de 12,52 años y un coeficiente de correlación de 0,46. Este estudio mostró la posible aplicación de la intensidad de los pixeles en la predicción de la edad.

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          Most cited references34

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          Skeletal age determination based on the os pubis: A comparison of the Acsádi-Nemeskéri and Suchey-Brooks methods

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            Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: a new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death.

            A new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death based upon chronological changes in the auricular surface of the ilium is presented. Formal stages have been constructed following extensive tests and refinements in observations made of such changes. Two completely "blind" tests were conducted to assess the accuracy and bias of the new method. Results show that the system is equally accurate to pubic symphyseal aging (although somewhat more difficult to apply), and also carries the advantages of a higher preservation rate for the auricular surface in archaeological populations and continued age-related change beyond the fifth decade.
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              Ectocranial suture closure: a revised method for the determination of skeletal age at death based on the lateral-anterior sutures.

              A new method for estimation of age-at-death based on the degree of suture closure is presented. The method employs simple ectocranial scoring of specific sites on the external table. Composite scores for two groups of sutures, lateral-anterior and vault systems, which are used to provide estimates of age-at-death, have been developed from a sample of 236 crania from the Hamann-Todd Collection. A variety of tests show that the lateral-anterior sutures are superior to the sutures of the vault, that ectocranial is superior to endocranial observation, and that age estimates are independent of race and sex. It is concluded that suture closure can provide valuable estimates of age-at-death in both archaeological and forensic contexts when used in conjunction with other skeletal age indicators.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ijmorphol
                International Journal of Morphology
                Int. J. Morphol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía (Temuco, , Chile )
                0717-9502
                August 2024
                : 42
                : 4
                : 1011-1019
                Affiliations
                [1] Chiang Mai Chiang Mai orgnameChiang Mai University orgdiv1Faculty of Medicine Thailand
                [2] Chiang Mai Chiang Mai orgnameChiang Mai University orgdiv1Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences orgdiv2Department of Radiologic Technology Thailand
                [3] Chiang Mai Chiang Mai orgnameChiang Mai University orgdiv1Faculty of Dentistry orgdiv2Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences Thailand
                [4] Chiang Mai Chiang Mai orgnameChiang Mai University orgdiv1College of Arts, Media and Technology Thailand
                [5] Chiang Mai Chiang Mai orgnameChiang Mai University orgdiv1Faculty of Medicine orgdiv2Department of Anatomy Thailand
                [6] Chiang Mai Chiang Mai orgnameChiang Mai University orgdiv1Faculty of Medicine orgdiv2Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center Thailand
                Article
                S0717-95022024000401011 S0717-9502(24)04200401011
                74d893aa-55c1-4f32-9cb3-0dc09bc1c2d6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 February 2024
                : 04 April 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICLES

                Forensic anthropology,Fémur proximal,Age estimation,Antropología forense,Radiograph,Linear regression,Radiografía,Regresión lineal,Estimación de edad,Proximal femur

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