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      Determinants of COVID-19 knowledge and self-action among African women: Evidence from Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, and Nigeria

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          Abstract

          Knowledge of infectious diseases and self-action are vital to disease control and prevention. Yet, little is known about the factors associated with knowledge of and self-action to prevent the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study accomplishes two objectives. Firstly, we examine the determinants of COVID-19 knowledge and preventive knowledge among women in four sub-Saharan African countries (Kenya, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Burkina Faso). Secondly, we explore the factors associated with self-action to prevent COVID-19 infections among these women. Data for the study are from the Performance for Monitoring Action COVID-19 Survey, conducted in June and July 2020 among women aged 15–49. Data were analysed using linear regression technique. The study found high COVID-19 knowledge, preventive knowledge, and self-action among women in these four countries. Additionally, we found that age, marital status, education, location, level of COVID-19 information, knowledge of COVID-19 call centre, receipt of COVID-19 information from authorities, trust in authorities, and trust in social media influence COVID-19 knowledge, preventive knowledge, and self-action. We discuss the policy implications of our findings.

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          Historical Origins of the Health Belief Model

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            Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia

            In an effort to mitigate the outbreak of COVID-19, many countries have imposed drastic lockdown, movement control or shelter in place orders on their residents. The effectiveness of these mitigation measures is highly dependent on cooperation and compliance of all members of society. The knowledge, attitudes and practices people hold toward the disease play an integral role in determining a society’s readiness to accept behavioural change measures from health authorities. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge levels, attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 among the Malaysian public. A cross-sectional online survey of 4,850 Malaysian residents was conducted between 27th March and 3rd April 2020. The survey instrument consisted of demographic characteristics, 13 items on knowledge, 3 items on attitudes and 3 items on practices, modified from a previously published questionnaire on COVID-19. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 80.5%. Most participants held positive attitudes toward the successful control of COVID-19 (83.1%), the ability of Malaysia to conquer the disease (95.9%) and the way the Malaysian government was handling the crisis (89.9%). Most participants were also taking precautions such as avoiding crowds (83.4%) and practising proper hand hygiene (87.8%) in the week before the movement control order started. However, the wearing of face masks was less common (51.2%). This survey is among the first to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. The results highlight the importance of consistent messaging from health authorities and the government as well as the need for tailored health education programs to improve levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices.
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              The role of behavioral science theory in development and implementation of public health interventions.

              Increasing evidence suggests that public health and health-promotion interventions that are based on social and behavioral science theories are more effective than those lacking a theoretical base. This article provides an overview of the state of the science of theory use for designing and conducting health-promotion interventions. Influential contemporary perspectives stress the multiple determinants and multiple levels of determinants of health and health behavior. We describe key types of theory and selected often-used theories and their key concepts, including the health belief model, the transtheoretical model, social cognitive theory, and the ecological model. This summary is followed by a review of the evidence about patterns and effects of theory use in health behavior intervention research. Examples of applied theories in three large public health programs illustrate the feasibility, utility, and challenges of using theory-based interventions. This review concludes by identifying cross-cutting themes and important future directions for bridging the divides between theory, practice, and research.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLOS Glob Public Health
                PLOS Glob Public Health
                plos
                PLOS Global Public Health
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                2767-3375
                3 May 2023
                2023
                : 3
                : 5
                : e0001688
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
                [2 ] Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
                [3 ] Social and Behavioural Health Sciences Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
                [4 ] School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
                [5 ] Department of African and General Studies, SD Dombo University of Business & Integrated Development Studies, Wa, Ghana
                [6 ] Department of Geography, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
                [7 ] Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
                University of Michigan, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3288-3528
                Article
                PGPH-D-22-01908
                10.1371/journal.pgph.0001688
                10156008
                37134050
                74b752a4-2cb0-4dcd-87bd-b1c7cb34a8f8
                © 2023 Braimah et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 2 December 2022
                : 2 April 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 5, Pages: 21
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000024, Canadian Institutes of Health Research;
                Award ID: FRN 185828
                This research was partly supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [FRN 185828]. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Infectious Diseases
                Viral Diseases
                Covid 19
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Infectious Diseases
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Communications
                Social Communication
                Social Media
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Network Analysis
                Social Networks
                Social Media
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Social Networks
                Social Media
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Behavioral and Social Aspects of Health
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Africa
                Kenya
                Earth Sciences
                Geography
                Human Geography
                Urban Geography
                Urban Areas
                Social Sciences
                Human Geography
                Urban Geography
                Urban Areas
                Earth Sciences
                Geography
                Geographic Areas
                Urban Areas
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Pandemics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Cognitive Science
                Cognitive Psychology
                Learning
                Human Learning
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Cognitive Psychology
                Learning
                Human Learning
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Cognitive Psychology
                Learning
                Human Learning
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Learning and Memory
                Learning
                Human Learning
                Custom metadata
                Data for this study can be obtained via https://www.pmadata.org/data/available-datasets.
                COVID-19

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