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      INSERCIÓN Y MANTENIMIENTO DEL CATÉTER VENOSO CENTRAL: RECOMENDACIONES CLÍNICAS BASADAS EN LA EVIDENCIA Translated title: Central venous catheter insertion and maintenance: Evidence-based clinical recommendations

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: presentar a los clínicos la evidencia que soporta los procesos más seguros y efectivos en la inserción y el mantenimiento del catéter venoso central (CVC), como estrategia en la prevención de las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a catéter. Materiales y métodos: a partir de preguntas clínicas dirigidas a mejorar la seguridad y efectividad de los procesos de inserción y mantenimiento de catéter venoso, en los momentos clave, se hicieron búsquedas de literatura en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, Embase, Central y Lilacs. Se utilizó la metodología de revisión sistemática rápida de la literatura. Los estudios identificados fueron evaluados desde el punto de vista de la calidad con las herramientas para estudios cualitativos, cuantitativos y revisiones sistemáticas del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Las guías de práctica clínicas fueron evaluadas con el instrumento AGREE II. La evidencia se presenta como recomendaciones clínicas basadas en la evidencia, a las cuales se les dio gradación, según la metodología del JBI. Resultados: se presentan 12 resúmenes clínicos que contienen la evidencia relacionada con el uso seguro y efectivo del catéter venoso central en cuanto a: las indicaciones, la inserción del catéter en venas centrales y en inserción periférica (PICC), la valoración prequirúrgica, el uso de analgesia, la preparación del campo, la selección entre CVC o PICC, el cuidado y mantenimiento de CVC, la prevención de complicaciones y consideraciones generales en el uso de catéter venoso central (CVC) en el paciente oncológico y en nutrición parenteral. Conclusiones: se presentan las recomendaciones para el uso seguro y efectivo de los catéteres de acceso venoso central con relación a los procesos de inserción y mantenimiento de CVC en el modelo de resúmenes basados en la evidencia. Es necesario hacer evaluación de la implementación de los mismos en resultados en salud en las instituciones donde se desarrollen.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: To share with clinicians supporting evidence of the safest and the most effective processes for central venous catheter insertion and maintenance as a strategy to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in the Medline via PubMed, Embase Central and Lilacs databases based on a set of clinical questions aimed at improving safety and effectiveness at key moments in the process of central venous catheter insertion and maintenance. The rapid literature review methodology was used. The studies identified were assessed from the quality point of view, using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools for qualitative and quantitative studies and for systematic reviews. Clinical practice guidelines were assessed using the AGREE II tool. The evidence is presented in the form of evidence-based clinical recommendations, which were graded in accordance with the JBI methodology. Results: Twelve clinical evidence summaries containing evidence related to the safe and effective use of central venous catheters are presented, including the following topics: central venous catheter insertion (CVC), peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC), preoperative assessment, the use of analgesia, field preparation, choice between CVC or PICC, CVC care and maintenance, prevention of complications, and general considerations pertaining to the use of central venous catheters in oncologic patients and in parenteral nutrition. Conclusions: Recommendations on the safe and effective use of central venous access catheters in relation to CVC insertion and maintenance processes are presented in the evidence-based summary model. It is necessary to evaluate their implementation in health outcomes in the institutions where they are developed.

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          Most cited references37

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          Preventing complications of central venous catheterization.

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            National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) report: data summary for 2006 through 2008, issued December 2009.

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              Complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial.

              Whether venous catheterization at the femoral site is associated with an increased risk of complications compared with that at the subclavian site is debated. To compare mechanical, infectious, and thrombotic complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization. Concealed, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted between December 1997 and July 2000 at 8 intensive care units (ICUs) in France. Two hundred eighty-nine adult patients receiving a first central venous catheter. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo central venous catheterization at the femoral site (n = 145) or subclavian site (n = 144). Rate and severity of mechanical, infectious, and thrombotic complications, compared by catheterization site in 289, 270, and 223 patients, respectively. Femoral catheterization was associated with a higher incidence rate of overall infectious complications (19.8% vs 4.5%; P<.001; incidence density of 20 vs 3.7 per 1000 catheter-days) and of major infectious complications (clinical sepsis with or without bloodstream infection, 4.4% vs 1.5%; P =.07; incidence density of 4.5 vs 1.2 per 1000 catheter-days), as well as of overall thrombotic complications (21.5% vs 1.9%; P<.001) and complete thrombosis of the vessel (6% vs 0%; P =.01); rates of overall and major mechanical complications were similar between the 2 groups (17.3% vs 18.8 %; P =.74 and 1.4% vs 2.8%; P =.44, respectively). Risk factors for mechanical complications were duration of insertion (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.08 per additional minute; P<.001); insertion in 2 of the centers (OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 1.81-11.23; P =.001); and insertion during the night (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.04-4.08; P =.03). The only factor associated with infectious complications was femoral catheterization (hazard ratio [HR], 4.83; 95% CI, 1.96-11.93; P<.001); antibiotic administration via the catheter decreased risk of infectious complications (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.18-0.93; P =.03). Femoral catheterization was the only risk factor for thrombotic complications (OR, 14.42; 95% CI, 3.33-62.57; P<.001). Femoral venous catheterization is associated with a greater risk of infectious and thrombotic complications than subclavian catheterization in ICU patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcog
                Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
                Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol
                Federación Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología; Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0034-7434
                2463-0225
                April 2020
                : 71
                : 2
                : 115-162
                Affiliations
                [2] Bogotá Arauca orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                [3] Bogotá Arauca orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Unidad de Investigación en Seguridad del Paciente Colombia
                [4] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas Colombia
                [1] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Grupo de Evaluación de Tecnologías y Políticas en Salud Colombia
                Article
                S0034-74342020000200115 S0034-7434(20)07100200115
                10.18597/rcog.3413
                74b4819a-7400-4a8f-92ce-a6b1ca642961

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 April 2020
                : 27 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 48
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos de revisión

                bacteremia,patient safety,clinical protocols,safety measures,infecciones relacionadas con ca téteres,Catheter-related infections,seguridad del paciente.,protocolos clínicos,medidas de seguridad,bacteriemia

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