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      Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and serological status among health care workers exposed to occupational biological hazards Translated title: Situação vacinal e status sorológico contra a hepatite B entre trabalhadores da saúde vítimas de acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Health care workers are often exposed to hepatitis B infection during the course of their professional roles.

          Objectives

          To analyze the hepatitis B vaccination coverage and the presence of antibodies against hepatitis B among health care professionals who were exposed to contaminated biological material at a hospital complex.

          Methods

          This descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative study is based on the analysis of accident notification form data (n = 2,466) from a hospital complex covering the period between 2011 and 2020.

          Results

          Among the affected individuals, women (69.5%), medical residents (35.7%), and nursing staff (25.5%) accounted for the highest proportion of hazards. Regarding vaccination status, 98% of the health care professionals reported being fully immunized, and antibodies were detected in 90.9% of the participants. Percutaneous exposure (76.4%) was the most prevalent type of hazard, with blood being the most commonly involved material (79.4%).

          Conclusions

          The findings show that despite the risks of Hepatitis B contamination associated with the incidents, the professionals were protected due to the high vaccination coverage and evidence of immunity.

          Translated abstract

          Introdução

          Os trabalhadores da saúde estão constantemente expostos ao vírus da hepatite B durante a atividade laboral.

          Objetivos

          Analisar a cobertura vacinal contra a hepatite B e a presença do anticorpo contra o antígeno de superfície da hepatite B (anti-HBs) entre profissionais e estudantes da área da saúde que sofreram acidente com material biológico em um complexo hospitalar universitário.

          Métodos

          Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo, baseado na análise dos dados das fichas de notificação (n = 2.466) dos acidentes ocorridos no período de 2011 a 2020.

          Resultados

          As mulheres (69,5%), os residentes de medicina (35,7%) e os técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem (25,5%) foram os que mais se acidentaram. Quanto ao estado vacinal dos trabalhadores de saúde para hepatite B, 98% declararam ter o esquema vacinal completo, e a presença de anti-HBs reagente foi detectada em 90,9%. Quanto às características dos acidentes, houve prevalência de exposição percutânea (76,4%), e sangue foi o material orgânico mais comumente envolvido (79,4%).

          Conclusões

          Os achados demonstram que, apesar do risco de contaminação para o vírus da hepatite B associado a acidentes no ambiente de trabalho, os profissionais estavam protegidos devido à elevada cobertura vacinal e à imunidade comprovada.

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          Most cited references29

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          Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

          Summary Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted via blood or sexual contact. Persons with chronic HBV infection are at increased risk for cirrhosis and liver cancer and require medical care. This report updates and summarizes previously published recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and CDC regarding the prevention of HBV infection in the United States. ACIP recommends testing all pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and testing HBsAg-positive pregnant women for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA); administration of HepB vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) for infants born to HBV-infected women within 12 hours of birth, followed by completion of the vaccine series and postvaccination serologic testing; universal hepatitis B vaccination within 24 hours of birth, followed by completion of the vaccine series; and vaccination of children and adolescents aged <19 years who have not been vaccinated previously. ACIP recommends vaccination of adults at risk for HBV infection, including universal vaccination of adults in settings in which a high proportion have risk factors for HBV infection and vaccination of adults requesting protection from HBV without acknowledgment of a specific risk factor. These recommendations also provide CDC guidance for postexposure prophylaxis following occupational and other exposures. This report also briefly summarizes previously published American Association for the Study of Liver Diseasest guidelines for maternal antiviral therapy to reduce perinatal HBV transmission.
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            Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health care workers in China

            Objectives Nation-wide hepatitis B vaccination coverage among healthcare workers (HCWs) is not well researched in China. This study aims to investigate the self-reported hepatitis B vaccination status among HCWs in China. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of health_care workers’ vaccination statuses in 120 hospitals in China by collecting demographic and vaccination data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess factors associated with hepatitis B vaccination coverage. Results Eighty-six percent (2,666/3,104) of respondents reported having received at least one dose of the hepatitis B vaccination and 60% (1,853/3,104) reported having completed ≥3 doses of the hepatitis B vaccination. Factors associated with completing ≥3 doses of the hepatitis B vaccination included workplaces offering free hepatitis B vaccination with vaccination management, age, medical occupation, hospital level, acceptable hepatitis B knowledge and having received training on hepatitis B. HCWs in workplaces offering a free hepatitis B vaccine with vaccination management were 1.4 times more likely (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.8) to complete their hepatitis B vaccination compared to HCWs in workplaces that did not offer a free hepatitis B vaccine. Either the possession of acceptable hepatitis B knowledge or an age of 30–39 years increased the odds of complete hepatitis B vaccination by 1.3-fold (95% CIs: 1.1–1.5 and 1.1–1.7, respectively) over their referent category. The receipt of training on hepatitis B was also associated with a higher percentage of completing the hepatitis B vaccination (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–1.8). The main self-reported reason for incomplete hepatitis B vaccination was “forgot to complete follow-up doses” among 43% (234/547) of respondents. Among those who never received any hepatitis B vaccination, only 30% (131/438) intended to be vaccinated. Obtaining immunity from work (40%) and hospitals that did not provide hepatitis B vaccination activities (40%) were the top reasons mentioned for refusing hepatitis B vaccination. Conclusions The complete hepatitis B vaccination rate among HCWs in China is low, and the desire of HCWs for vaccination is indifferent; therefore, education campaigns are needed. In addition, a free national hepatitis B vaccination policy for HCWs that includes vaccination management should be prioritized to improve hepatitis B coverage among HCWs who are at-risk for HBV infection.
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              Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health-care workers in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

              To estimate full hepatitis B vaccination coverage (uptake of ≥3 doses of vaccine) among health-care workers (HCWs) in Africa.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: study conceptualizationRole: including writing - original draftRole: conducting formal analysis of the dataRole: investigationRole: data collectionRole: writing - review & editing the textRole: read and approved the final version submitted and take public responsibility for all aspects of the work
                Role: formal analysis of the data and writing - review & editing the textRole: read and approved the final version submitted and take public responsibility for all aspects of the work
                Role: writing - original draft and data collectionRole: read and approved the final version submitted and take public responsibility for all aspects of the work
                Role: data collectionRole: read and approved the final version submitted and take public responsibility for all aspects of the work
                Journal
                Rev Bras Med Trab
                Rev Bras Med Trab
                rbmt
                Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho
                Associação Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho (ANAMT)
                1679-4435
                2447-0147
                24 November 2023
                Jul-Sep 2023
                : 21
                : 3
                : e2022963
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
                [2 ] Centro de Saúde da Comunidade, Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil
                Author notes
                Correspondence address: Fernanda Sucasas Frison - Rua Barão de Atibaia, nº 355, apto. 111 - Vila Itapura - CEP: 13023-010 - Campinas (SP), Brazil - E-mail: ffrison@ 123456unicamp.br
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-2189
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3366-0983
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-1316
                http://orcid.org/0009-0005-3725-7138
                Article
                10.47626/1679-4435-2022-963
                10835422
                38313772
                7497082b-2d75-4038-bbe2-0bc0f54833f5

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 16 January 2022
                : 31 May 2022
                Categories
                Original Article

                occupational exposure,hepatitis b vaccines,hepatitis b antibodies,health personnel,acidentes de trabalho,vacinas contra hepatite b,anticorpos anti-hepatite b,trabalhadores da saúde

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