Fear of cancer recurrence and associated factors in family caregivers of patients with hematologic malignancy receiving chemotherapy: A latent profile analysis

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Abstract

Objective

This study identified the potential subgroups of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in family caregivers (FCs) of patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy, as well as exploring factors associated with subgroups.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study involving 206 pairs of participating patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy and their FCs. Using Mplus 8.3 to perform the latent profile analysis of FCs' FCR, the FCs’ burden, quality of life, psychological resilience, and anxiety as well as their demographic characteristics were compared between the subgroups, with a logistic regression analysis being applied to examine the factors associated with the FCR subgroups.

Results

A total of 206 FCs were classified into two subgroups: “a low level of FCR” (Class 1, 65.4%) and “a high level of FCR” (Class 2, 34.6%). Quality of life, anxiety, and frequency of chemotherapy were significantly associated with the two subgroups.

Conclusions

FCs of patients with hematologic malignancy receiving chemotherapy had two FCR subgroups, “a low level of FCR” and “a high level of FCR”, in association with quality of life, anxiety, and frequency of chemotherapy. These findings provide the theoretical foundations for screening the FCR factor of FCs and conducting interventions for them.

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Most cited references 60

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A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7.

Robert L Spitzer, Kurt Kroenke, Janet B W Williams … (2006)

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.

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Is Open Access

Cancer statistics, 2023

Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Nikita Sandeep Wagle … (2023)

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2023, 1,958,310 new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Cancer incidence increased for prostate cancer by 3% annually from 2014 through 2019 after two decades of decline, translating to an additional 99,000 new cases; otherwise, however, incidence trends were more favorable in men compared to women. For example, lung cancer in women decreased at one half the pace of men (1.1% vs. 2.6% annually) from 2015 through 2019, and breast and uterine corpus cancers continued to increase, as did liver cancer and melanoma, both of which stabilized in men aged 50 years and older and declined in younger men. However, a 65% drop in cervical cancer incidence during 2012 through 2019 among women in their early 20s, the first cohort to receive the human papillomavirus vaccine, foreshadows steep reductions in the burden of human papillomavirus-associated cancers, the majority of which occur in women. Despite the pandemic, and in contrast with other leading causes of death, the cancer death rate continued to decline from 2019 to 2020 (by 1.5%), contributing to a 33% overall reduction since 1991 and an estimated 3.8 million deaths averted. This progress increasingly reflects advances in treatment, which are particularly evident in the rapid declines in mortality (approximately 2% annually during 2016 through 2020) for leukemia, melanoma, and kidney cancer, despite stable/increasing incidence, and accelerated declines for lung cancer. In summary, although cancer mortality rates continue to decline, future progress may be attenuated by rising incidence for breast, prostate, and uterine corpus cancers, which also happen to have the largest racial disparities in mortality.

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Deciding on the Number of Classes in Latent Class Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

Karen L. Nylund, Tihomir Asparouhov, Bengt O. Muthén (2007)

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Author and article information

Contributors

Haiying Hua

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs

Title: Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Print): 2347-5625

ISSN (Electronic): 2349-6673

Publication date PMC-release: 18 January 2024

Publication date Collection: April 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 18 January 2024

Volume: 11

Issue: 4

Electronic Location Identifier: 100382

Affiliations

[a ]Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China

[b ]Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

[c ]Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China

Author notes

[∗ ] Corresponding author. huahy007@ 123456163.com

[#]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Article

Publisher Item ID: S2347-5625(24)00006-4 Publisher ID: 100382

DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2024.100382

PMC ID: 10940887

PubMed ID: 38495640

SO-VID: 74585ef3-b2f8-4d71-888e-38df2cfa5109

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Fear of cancer recurrence and associated factors in family caregivers of patients with hematologic malignancy receiving chemotherapy: A latent profile analysis

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Abstract

Objective

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Conclusions

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Karger: Oncology

Most cited references 60

A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7.

Cancer statistics, 2023

Deciding on the Number of Classes in Latent Class Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

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