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      Validación psicométrica de escalas PSS-14, AFA-R, HDRS, CES-D, EV en puérperas mexicanas con y sin preeclampsia Translated title: Psychometric validation of scales PSS-14, AFA-R, HDRS, CES-D, EV in postpartum Mexican women with and without preeclampsia Translated title: Validação das escalas PSS, AFA-R, HDRS, CES-D e EV em puérperas mexicanas com e sem pré-eclâmpsia

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          Abstract

          ObjetivoValidar las escalas psicométricas: Estrés percibido (PSS), Apoyo familiar y de amigos (AFA-R), Depresión de Hamilton (HDRS), Sintomatología depresiva (CES-D), Violencia e índice de severidad (EV) en mujeres mexicanas puérperas con y sin preeclamsia.MétodoEstudio descriptivo que valida las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas PSS, AFA-R, HDRS, CES-D y EV. Las escalas fueron seleccionadas a través de una búsqueda en la web de los últimos 5 años. Las escalas fueron aplicadas por enfermeras mediante entrevista a 104 puérperas hospitalizadas con y sin preeclampsia. Para la confiabilidad se aplicó el alfa de Cronbach. La validez fue confirmada por un grupo de expertos y prueba piloto. Se utilizó análisis factorial por los métodos componentes principales, Káiser y Varimax.ResultadosCada escala tuvo consistencia interna; calificaron con nivel aceptable (PSS 0.718 y EV 0.740) y nivel bueno (AFA-R 0.911, CES-D 0.869 y HDRS 0.806). La validez de contenido fue aprobada con: PSS 96.42%; EV 100%; AFA 100%; CES-D 98.75%, y HDRS 92.64%. La estructura factorial estuvo bien distribuida: cada factor obtuvo algunos pesos altos y los demás, próximos a cero. Cada variable estuvo saturada en uno o en 2 factores, por lo que casi no compartieron varianzas. PSS, con 6 factores, tuvo poder explicativo de la varianza total del 72.23%; AFA-R, con 3 factores y poder explicativo del 74.19%; HDRS, con 6 factores y poder explicativo del 70.58%; CES-D, con 6 factores y poder explicativo del 72.87%, y la escala EV tuvo varianza de cero.ConclusionesLos hallazgos señalan que las escalas PSS, AFA-R, HDRS y CES-D por su confiabilidad, validez y utilidad funcionan teóricamente bien para medir las variables en el grupo de mujeres estudiadas; sin embargo para la escala EV debe considerarse un análisis factorial diferente en otra muestra similar.

          Translated abstract

          ObjectiveTo assess the following scales' psychometric characteristics: Perceived Stress (PSS), Family and Friends Support (AFA-R), Depression-Hamilton (HDRS), Depressive Symptomatology (CES-D), Violence and Index of Severity (EV) among Mexican populations, with and without pre-eclampsia.MethodDescriptive and psychometric study. A web search was conducted to decide on which scales use. Nurses applied the scales to 104 hospitalized post-partum women with and without pre-eclampsia. Cronbach alpha was measured to assess reliability. Validity was confirmed by a group of experts and by a pilot study. Principal components, Kaiser, and varimax factor analyses were carried out.ResultsEach scale had internal consistency-acceptable level: PSS .718 and EV .740; good level: AFA-R .911, CES-D .869 and HDRS .806. Content validity was assessed as PSS: 96.42%, EV: 100%, AFA 100%, CES-D: 98.75% and HDRS: 92.64%. The factor structure was well distributed. Each factor had few important weights, and the rest were close to zero. Each variable was not saturated except in one, and barely in two, factors, thus variance was almost not shared. PSS, with 6 factors, had an explicative power of the total variance of 72.23%; AFA-R, with 3 factors and explicative power of 74.19%; HDRS with 6 factors and explicative power of 70.58%; while CES-D, with 6 factors too, had an explicative power of 72.87%. The EV scale had a variance of zero.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the scales PSS, AFA-R, HDRS, and CES-D, due to their reliability, validity, and usefulness, theoretically work well to assess the different variables among the group of studied women. Another factor analysis on the EV scale should be considered for a similar sample.

          Translated abstract

          ObjetivoValidar as escalas psicométricas: Estrese Percebido (PSS), Apoio Familiar e de Amigos (AFA-R), Depressão de Hamilton (HDRS), Sintomatologia Depressiva (CES-D), Violência e Índice DE Severidade (EV) em mulheres mexicanas puérperas com e sem pré-eclâmpsia.MétodoEstudo descritivo que valida as propriedades psicométricas das escalas PSS, AFA-R, HDRS, CES-D e EV. As escalas foram escolhidas a través de uma busca na web dos últimos 5 anos. As escalas foram aplicadas por enfermeiras mediante entrevista a 104 puérperas hospitalizadas com e sem pré-eclâmpsia. Para a confiabilidade aplicou-se alfa de Crombach. A validade foi confirmada por um grupo de experientes e prova piloto. Utilizou-se analise fatorial pelos métodos componentes principais, Káiser e Varimax.ResultadosCada escala teve consistência interna; qualificaram com nível aceitável (PSS 0.718 y EV 0.740) e com nível bom (AFA-R 0.911, CES-D 0.869 y HDRS 0.806). A validade de conteúdo foi aprovada com: PSS 96.42%; EV 100%; AFA 100%; CES-D 98.75%, e HDRS 92.64%. A estrutura fatorial esteve bem distribuída, cada fator obteve alguns pesos altos e os outros próximos a zero. Cada variável esteve saturada em um ou em outros fatores, pelo que quase não compartilharam variâncias. PSS, com 6 fatores, teve poder explicativo da variância total do 72.23%; AFA-R, com 3 fatores e poder explicativo do 74.19%; HDRS, com 6 fatores e poder explicativo do 70.58%; CES-D, com 6 fatores e poder explicativo do 72.87%, e a escala EV teve variância de zero.ConclusõesAs descobertas assinalam que as escalas PSS, AFA-R, HDRS e CES-D por sua confiabilidade, validade e utilidade funcionam teoricamente bem para medir as variáveis no grupo de mulheres estudadas; porém, para a escala EV deve se considerar uma análise fatorial diferente em outra amostra semelhante.

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          Three versions of Perceived Stress Scale: validation in a sample of Chinese cardiac patients who smoke

          Background Smoking causes heart disease, the major cause of death in China and Hong Kong. Stress is one major trigger of smoking and relapse, and understanding stress among smoking cardiac patients can therefore help in designing effective interventions to motivate them to quit. The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and to compare the appropriateness of the three versions of the scale (PSS-14, PSS-10, and PSS-4) among Chinese cardiac patients who were also smokers. Methods From March 2002 to December 2004, 1860 cardiac patients who smoked were recruited at the cardiac outpatient clinics of ten acute hospitals in Hong Kong, and 1800 questionnaires were analysed. Participants completed a questionnaire including the PSS, nicotine dependence and certain demographic variables. The psychometric properties of the PSS were investigated: construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis, reliability using Cronbach's alpha and concurrent validity by examining the relationship with smoking- and health-related variables. Results For all the three versions of the PSS, confirmatory factor analyses corroborated the 2-factor structure of the scale, with the positive and negative factors correlating significantly and negatively to a moderate extent (r 0.5). All the correlations of the two subscales and the smoking- and health-related variables were statistically significant and in the expected directions although of small magnitudes, except daily cigarette consumption. Conclusions The findings confirmed the satisfactory psychometric properties of all three Chinese versions of PSS. We recommend the use of PSS-10 for research which focuses on the two components of perceived stress, as it shows a higher reliability; and the use of PSS-4 if such partition is not essential and space for multiple measures is limited.
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            Social support measurement

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              ¿Cómo validar un instrumento de medida de la salud?

              Cada vez es más necesario disponer de instrumentos de medida en el ámbito de la salud que se puedan utilizar en la práctica clínica e investigación. Para garantizar la calidad de su medición es imprescindible que los instrumentos sean sometidos a un proceso de validación. Este proceso consiste en adaptar culturalmente un instrumento al medio donde se quiere administrar y comprobar sus características psicométricas como: fiabilidad, validez, sensibilidad y factibilidad. Hay instrumentos de medida del ámbito de la salud, disponibles en otros idiomas pero sin validar al español. Además la metodología para validar un instrumento es poco conocida por profesionales sanitarios, lo que explica el uso indiscriminado de instrumentos sólo adaptados o validados de manera poco consistente. El objetivo de esta revisión es realizar una puesta al día del proceso de validación de un instrumento de medida de la salud y en qué consiste de manera práctica. La accesibilidad de instrumentos de evaluación adaptados culturalmente y validados en distintos idiomas facilitará comparar resultados obtenidos con el mismo instrumento y desarrollar estudios internacionales en distintas culturas.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                eu
                Enfermería universitaria
                Enferm. univ
                Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia (México )
                2395-8421
                September 2015
                : 12
                : 3
                : 122-133
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico
                [2 ] Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mexico
                [3 ] Secretaría de Salud de Yucatán MX
                [4 ] Universidad Veracruzana Mexico
                [5 ] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico
                Article
                S1665-70632015000300122
                10.1016/j.reu.2015.08.001
                7430bfee-84b5-48df-8bec-c33a164faae7

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Nursing

                Nursing
                Depression,Violence,Post-partum period,Pre-eclampsia,Mexico,Estudos de validade,Escalas,Depressão,Violência,Período pós-parto,Pré-eclâmpsia,México,Estudios de validación,Depresión,Violencia,Periodo posparto,Preeclampsia,Validation studies,Scales

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