Nichola J. Hill:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3213-6693
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
Mary Anne Bishop:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-0184
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Writing – review & editing
Nídia S. Trovão: Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Katherine M. Ineson:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-4691
Role: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Anne L. Schaefer:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-9047
Role: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Wendy B. Puryear:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-3399
Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administration
Katherine Zhou: Role: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Alexa D. Foss:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-2076
Role: InvestigationRole: Project administration
Daniel E. Clark:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0206-2841
Role: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Kenneth G. MacKenzie:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-8526
Role: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Jonathon D. Gass Jr.:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0515-9091
Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
Laura K. Borkenhagen:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-2609
Role: Investigation
Jeffrey S. Hall: Role: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Jonathan A. Runstadler: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Writing – review & editing
Pablo Ramiro Murcia: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Pathog
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS Pathog
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS Pathogens
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Print):
1553-7366
ISSN
(Electronic):
1553-7374
Publication date
(Electronic):
19
May
2022
Publication date Collection:
May
2022
Volume: 18
Issue: 5
Electronic Location Identifier: e1010062
Affiliations
[1
]
Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, United
States of America
[2
]
Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, Alaska, United States of America
[3
]
Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International
Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
[4
]
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Hadley, Massachusetts, United States of America
[5
]
Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary
Medicine Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
[6
]
College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
of America
[7
]
Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and
Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, United States of America
[8
]
U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United
States of America
MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, UNITED KINGDOM
Author notes
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PPATHOGENS-D-21-02166
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010062
PMC ID: 9119557
PubMed ID: 35588106
SO-VID: 741e7604-2754-4f44-84bb-e385f93499fd
License:
This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced,
distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any
lawful purpose. The work is made available under the
Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000060, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases;
Award ID: HHSN272201400008C
Award Recipient
:
Jonathan A. Runstadler
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000060, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases;
Award ID: HHSN272201400006C
Award Recipient
:
Jeffrey S. Hall
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012635, North Pacific Research Board;
Award ID: 1411
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3213-6693
Nichola J. Hill
Funding for this project was provided by the NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza
Research and Surveillance (HHSN272201400008C (JR) & HHSN272201400006C (JH)) and the
North Pacific Research Board (project no. 1411 (NH, MB, JR)). The funders had no role
in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation
of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Eukaryota
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Vertebrates
Subject:
Amniotes
Subject:
Birds
Subject:
Seabirds
Subject:
Gulls
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Zoology
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Vertebrates
Subject:
Amniotes
Subject:
Birds
Subject:
Seabirds
Subject:
Gulls
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Eukaryota
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Vertebrates
Subject:
Amniotes
Subject:
Birds
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Zoology
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Vertebrates
Subject:
Amniotes
Subject:
Birds
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Orthomyxoviruses
Subject:
Influenza viruses
Subject:
Influenza A virus
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical microbiology
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Orthomyxoviruses
Subject:
Influenza viruses
Subject:
Influenza A virus
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Pathology and laboratory medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Orthomyxoviruses
Subject:
Influenza viruses
Subject:
Influenza A virus
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Orthomyxoviruses
Subject:
Influenza viruses
Subject:
Influenza A virus
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Eukaryota
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Vertebrates
Subject:
Amniotes
Subject:
Birds
Subject:
Poultry
Subject:
Ducks
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Zoology
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Vertebrates
Subject:
Amniotes
Subject:
Birds
Subject:
Poultry
Subject:
Ducks
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Eukaryota
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Vertebrates
Subject:
Amniotes
Subject:
Birds
Subject:
Fowl
Subject:
Waterfowl
Subject:
Ducks
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Zoology
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Vertebrates
Subject:
Amniotes
Subject:
Birds
Subject:
Fowl
Subject:
Waterfowl
Subject:
Ducks
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Eukaryota
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Domestic Animals
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Zoology
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Domestic Animals
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Geographical Locations
Subject:
Asia
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Geographical Locations
Subject:
Europe
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Biogeography
Subject:
Phylogeography
Subject:
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Subject:
Biogeography
Subject:
Phylogeography
Subject:
Earth Sciences
Subject:
Geography
Subject:
Biogeography
Subject:
Phylogeography
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Evolutionary Biology
Subject:
Population Genetics
Subject:
Phylogeography
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Genetics
Subject:
Population Genetics
Subject:
Phylogeography
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Population Biology
Subject:
Population Genetics
Subject:
Phylogeography