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      The role of SLC transporters for brain health and disease.

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          Abstract

          The brain exchanges nutrients and small molecules with blood via the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Approximately 20% energy intake for the body is consumed by the brain. Glucose is known for its critical roles for energy production and provides substrates for biogenesis in neurons. The brain takes up glucose via glucose transporters GLUT1 and 3, which are expressed in several neural cell types. The brain is also equipped with various transport systems for acquiring amino acids, lactate, ketone bodies, lipids, and cofactors for neuronal functions. Unraveling the mechanisms by which the brain takes up and metabolizes these nutrients will be key in understanding the nutritional requirements in the brain. This could also offer opportunities for therapeutic interventions in several neurological disorders. For instance, emerging evidence suggests a critical role of lactate as an alternative energy source for neurons. Neuronal cells express monocarboxylic transporters to acquire lactate. As such, treatment of GLUT1-deficient patients with ketogenic diets to provide the brain with alternative sources of energy has been shown to improve the health of the patients. Many transporters are present in the brain, but only a small number has been characterized. In this review, we will discuss about the roles of solute carrier (SLC) transporters at the blood brain barrier (BBB) and neural cells, in transport of nutrients and metabolites in the brain.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Cell Mol Life Sci
          Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1420-9071
          1420-682X
          Dec 31 2021
          : 79
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
          [2 ] Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore. bchnnl@nus.edu.sg.
          [3 ] SLING/Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore. bchnnl@nus.edu.sg.
          [4 ] Immunology Translational and Cardiovascular Disease Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore. bchnnl@nus.edu.sg.
          Article
          10.1007/s00018-021-04074-4
          10.1007/s00018-021-04074-4
          34971415
          74022cfc-9bba-40ae-a3f6-2090a23f1613
          History

          Blood-brain barrier,GLUT1,MCT1,Mfsd2a,SLC transporter
          Blood-brain barrier, GLUT1, MCT1, Mfsd2a, SLC transporter

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