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      Validação do índice de comprometimento cutaneomucoso do pênfigo vulgar para a avaliação clínica de pacientes com pênfigo vulgar Translated title: Validation of the commitment index of skin and mucous membranes in pemphigus vulgaris for the clinical evaluation of patients with pemphigus vulgaris

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          Abstract

          FUNDAMENTOS: O pênfigo vulgar é uma bulose grave, produzida pela destruição autoimune dos desmossomos, o que resulta na formação de bolhas intraepidérmicas, afetando pele e mucosas, com mortalidade de 5 a 10%. Os efeitos colaterais da terapêutica contribuíram para aumentar a morbidade da doença, respondendo por parte considerável das causas imediatas de morte por pênfigo vulgar atualmente. Não há nenhuma sistematização reprodutível para a avaliação clínica dos pacientes de pênfigo vulgar, tornando a decisão terapêutica subjetiva e os seus resultados, incertos. OBJETIVO: Validar um escore para a avaliação clínica dos pacientes com pênfigo vulgar. MÉTODO: O índice de comprometimento cutaneomucoso do pênfigo vulgar foi criado, pontuando achados de fácil observação no exame clínico. Durante três anos, sete pacientes com pênfigo vulgar foram acompanhados e submeti dos, em cada consulta, a pareamentos independentes do índice de comprometimento cutaneomucoso do pênfigo vulgar com vistas à aferição da sua reprodutibilidade. RESULTADOS: O índice de comprometimento cutaneomucoso do pênfigo vulgar se mostrou reprodutível em todos os métodos estatísticos utilizados para avaliação da concordância entre os examinadores independentes, permitindo, ainda, separar os pacientes em classes de gravidade crescente. CONCLUSÃO: O índice de comprometimento cutaneomucoso do pênfigo vulgar pode ajudar na classificação da gravidade do pênfigo vulgar, contribuindo para a pesquisa médica e para a uniformização das condutas terapêuticas num futuro próximo.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND: Pemphigus vulgaris is a severe bullous disease, produced by the autoimmune destruction of desmosomes, resulting in the formation of intraepidermal blisters, affecting skin and mucous membranes, with a mortality of 5 to 10%. Side effects of therapy contributed to increased morbidity, accounting for considerable part of the immediate causes of death due to PV today. There is no reproducible score for clinical evaluation of patients with Pemphigus vulgaris, making the therapeutic decision subjective, and its results, uncertain. OBJECTIVES: Create and evaluate the reproducibility of a scoring system for clinical evaluation of patients with pemphigus vulgaris. METHODS: The Commitment Index of Skin and Mucous in Pemphigus Vulgaris was created, scoring easily observed findings on clinical examination. During 3 years, 7 patients with active PV were submitted to pairings of Commitment Index of Skin and Mucous in Pemphigus Vulgaris conduced by independent examiners for determinate its reproducibility. RESULTS: The Commitment Index of Skin and Mucous in Pemphigus Vulgaris proved that it is reproducible in all the statistical methods used to assess agreement between the independent examiners. In adition, it permited us to separate the patients into classes of severity. CONCLUSION: The Commitment Index of Skin and Mucous in Pemphigus Vulgaris can classify the severity of Pemphigus Vulgaris, contributing to medical research, and to the standardization of the therapy in the near future.

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          Introducing a novel Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorder Intensity Score (ABSIS) in pemphigus.

          At present, there is no consensus about the clinical criteria that define disease severity of pemphigus. During recent years several scoring systems have been introduced which mainly compare inter-individual differences in disease activity. It thus remains a challenge to reflect the disease activity of individual patients by a standardised scoring system. Due to the remarkable clinical variability of pemphigus, several parameters are needed to reflect phenotypical varieties of this severe autoimmune bullous skin disorder. In view of the evaluation of different therapeutic options a scoring system sensitive enough to reflect gradual changes in disease activity seems more appropriate than a grading system for inter-individual comparison of disease severity. Taking this challenge into account we introduce and discuss a newly developed autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity score (ABSIS).
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            The relevance of the IgG subclass of autoantibodies for blister induction in autoimmune bullous skin diseases

            Autoimmune bullous skin diseases are characterized by autoantibodies and T cells specific to structural proteins maintaining cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion in the skin. Existing clinical and experimental evidence generally supports a pathogenic role of autoantibodies for blister formation. These autoantibodies belong to several IgG subclasses, which associate with different functional properties and may thus determine the pathogenic potential of IgG antibodies. In pemphigus diseases, binding of IgG to keratinocytes is sufficient to cause intraepidermal blisters without engaging innate immune effectors and IgG4 autoantibodies seem to mainly mediate acantholysis. In contrast, in most subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases, complement activation and recruitment and activation of leukocytes by autoantibodies are required for blister induction. In these conditions, tissue damage is thought to be mainly mediated by IgG1, but not IgG4 autoantibodies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the pathogenic relevance of the IgG subclass of autoantibodies for blister formation. Characterization of the pathogenically relevant subclass(es) of autoantibodies not only provides mechanistic insights, but should greatly facilitate the development of improved therapeutic modalities of autoimmune blistering diseases.
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              Desmoglein 3-ELISA: a pemphigus vulgaris-specific diagnostic tool.

              Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune-blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes caused by autoantibodies against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), an epidermal desmosomal adhesion protein of the cadherin family. Cloning of the Dsg3 gene and expression of the protein in a native conformation enabled the recent development of a specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of PV autoantibodies. To evaluate serum samples from patients with PV and other dermatologic diseases for anti-Dsg3 antibodies. To compare ELISA values with autoantibody titers obtained by classic indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Serum samples from patients with PV and various other bullous and nonbullous skin diseases were tested for anti-Dsg3 reactivity by ELISA. Ambulatory and hospitalized patients from a university hospital. Fifty-two serum samples from 11 patients with PV, and serum samples from 11 patients with bullous pemphigoid, 12 patients with other bullous diseases, 22 patients with various nonbullous skin disorders, and 10 healthy individuals were tested. Forty-seven (98%) of 48 serum samples from patients with PV that were positive by IIF on monkey esophagus were also reactive by Dsg3-ELISA, whereas 4 of 4 IIF-negative PV serum samples showed no reactivity by ELISA. In addition, negative ELISA results were obtained from 11 of 11 serum samples from patients with bullous pemphigoid, 10 of 12 serum samples from patients with other bullous skin disorders, 7 of 9 serum samples from patients with autoimmune-connective tissue diseases, and 13 of 13 serum samples from patients with other nonbullous skin diseases. Interestingly, 1 patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus had positive ELISA results. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.654) between ELISA values and IIF titers within the whole population with PV. In addition, when multiple serum samples from 1 patient with PV sampled over a 2-year period were tested, ELISA reactivity paralleled both the IIF titers and the clinical course. The Dsg3-ELISA is a sensitive, objective, and PV-specific test that should be considered as an adjunct test for the management of patients with PV.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abd
                Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia
                An. Bras. Dermatol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0365-0596
                1806-4841
                April 2011
                : 86
                : 2
                : 284-291
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameHospital Central do Exército
                [02] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameUerj orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas orgdiv2programa de pós-graduação em fisiopatologia clínica e experimental Brasil
                [03] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brasil
                [04] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameUniversidade do Grande Rio orgdiv1programa de pós-graduação lato sensu em dermatologia Brasil
                Article
                S0365-05962011000200012 S0365-0596(11)08600212
                74003848-99de-48ad-bec9-7453639656bf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 November 2009
                : 20 June 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 11, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Investigação

                Índice de gravidade de doença,Therapeutics,Severity of Illness Index,Pemphigus,Terapêutica,Pênfigo

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