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      Normalized difference vegetation index sensor-based nitrogen management in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.): Nutrient uptake, use efficiency, and partial nutrient balance

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          Abstract

          The present experiment was conducted to assess the impact of fixed and variable doses (using a normalized difference vegetation index-sensor) of nitrogen (N) on wheat yields, nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil nitrogen balance through the optimization of nitrogen dose. There were 10 treatments based on fixed and variable doses with different splits, and each treatment was replicated three times under a randomized complete block design. The treatments comprised fixed doses of 120 and 150 kg N ha –1 with different splits; variable doses based on sensor readings after application of 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha –1; 225 kg N ha –1 as a nitrogen-rich control; and no application of nitrogen as the absolute control. It was revealed that the application of a basal dose of 60 kg N ha –1 and another 60 kg N ha –1 at the crown root initiation stage followed by a sensor-guided N application significantly improved wheat grain yields and grain nitrogen uptake. However, straw nitrogen uptake was highest in N-rich plots where 225 kg N ha –1was applied. It was found that any curtailment in these doses at basal and crown root initiation stages followed by nitrogen application using a normalized difference vegetation index sensor later could not bring about higher crop yields. On average, wheat crops responded to 152–155 kg N ha –1 in both years of the study. Partial factor productivity along with agronomic and economic nitrogen use efficiency showed a declining trend with an increased rate of N application. Apparent N recovery values were comparable between normalized difference vegetation index sensor-based N application treatments and treatments receiving lesser N doses. Soil N status decreased in all the treatments except the nitrogen-rich strip, where there was a marginal increase in soil N status after the wheat crop harvest in the rotation. Partial nitrogen balance was negative for all the treatments except the control. From these 2-year field trials, it can be concluded that applying a normalized difference vegetation index sensor could be an essential tool for the rational management of fertilizer nitrogen in wheat grown in eastern sub-Himalayan plains.

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          AN EXAMINATION OF THE DEGTJAREFF METHOD FOR DETERMINING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, AND A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF THE CHROMIC ACID TITRATION METHOD

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            DETERMINATION OF TOTAL, ORGANIC, AND AVAILABLE FORMS OF PHOSPHORUS IN SOILS

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              Food security and sustainable intensification.

              The coming decades are likely to see increasing pressures on the global food system, both on the demand side from increasing population and per capita consumption, and on the supply side from greater competition for inputs and from climate change. This paper argues that the magnitude of the challenge is such that action is needed throughout the food system, on moderating demand, reducing waste, improving governance and producing more food. It discusses in detail the last component, arguing that more food should be produced using sustainable intensification (SI) strategies, and explores the rationale behind, and meaning of, this term. It also investigates how SI may interact with other food policy agendas, in particular, land use and biodiversity, animal welfare and human nutrition.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Plant Sci
                Front Plant Sci
                Front. Plant Sci.
                Frontiers in Plant Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-462X
                04 April 2023
                2023
                : 14
                : 1153500
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 Department of Agronomy, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya , Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
                [2] 2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya , Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
                [3] 3 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Prague, Czechia
                [4] 4 Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra, Slovak
                [5] 5 Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                [6] 6 Division of Soil Science, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute , Dinajpur, Bangladesh
                Author notes

                Edited by: Li Wang, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

                Reviewed by: Krishan K. Verma, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Elsayed Mansour, Zagazig University, Egypt

                *Correspondence: Akbar Hossain, akbarhossainwrc@ 123456gmail.com

                †ORCID: Akbar Hossain, orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-2712

                This article was submitted to Plant Nutrition, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science

                Article
                10.3389/fpls.2023.1153500
                10111010
                7317e647-b468-4509-b5f4-582a16e6d72b
                Copyright © 2023 Mitra, Singha, Roy Chowdhury, Sinha, Skalicky, Brestic, Alamri and Hossain

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 29 January 2023
                : 14 March 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 7, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 13, Words: 7536
                Funding
                Funded by: King Saud University , doi 10.13039/501100002383;
                Award ID: RSP2023R194
                This work was financially supported by the Department of Agronomy, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar 736165, West Bengal, India. The research was also partially funded by the Researchers Supporting Project (number RSP2023R194), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
                Categories
                Plant Science
                Original Research

                Plant science & Botany
                wheat,ndvi sensor,variable nitrogen doses,partial nutrient balance,nitrogen uptake,nitrogen use efficiency

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