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      Lymphangioma of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region: A Report of Three Cases

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Lymphangiomas, or lymphatic malformations (LM), are benign malformations of the lymphatic system characterized by abnormal proliferation of lymphatic vessels. It was first described by Virchow in 1854. They occur rarely in the oral cavity and involve the tongue dorsum more often. Though complete surgical excision is the gold standard and most desirable management, certain limitations restrict this approach. Laser therapy, cryotherapy, electrocautery, sclerotherapy, and intralesional injections of steroids and Bevacizumab are other treatment options in such cases. Here, we present three cases of diverse forms of lymphatic malformations treated with two different modalities of treatment.

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          Lymphatic malformations of the head and neck. A proposal for staging.

          Stephen M A Richardson, Karen K Y Sie, Jan-Willem Mulder (1995)
          To propose a staging system for patients with lymphatic malformations of the head and neck. Retrospective chart review. Fifty-six patients were treated for lymphatic malformations from 1983 to 1993 at Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, Wash. The charts were reviewed for anatomic location of the lesion, preoperative and postoperative complications, number of procedures to control disease, long-term sequelae, and persistence of disease. Lesions were characterized as being unilateral or bilateral and suprahyoid and/or infrahyoid. The five patient groups were then compared with respect to the above categories. Preoperative complications reviewed include preoperative infection, respiratory embarrassment necessitating airway intervention, and feeding difficulties. Postoperative complications assessed were cranial nerve injury, wound infection, and seroma formation. Long-term sequelae included malocclusion, speech delay, and cosmetic deformity. The rate of persistent disease was also assessed. A staging system was developed based on a progression of extent of disease. Stage I patients (n = 12) had unilateral infrahyoid disease and a 17% incidence of complications overall. Stage II patients (n = 17) had unilateral suprahyoid disease and a 41% incidence of complications. Stage III patients (n = 15) had unilateral suprahyoid and infrahyoid disease and a complication rate of 67%. Stage IV patients (n = 5) with bilateral suprahyoid disease had a complication rate of 80%, while stage V patients (n = 6) with bilateral suprahyoid and infrahyoid disease had a 100% incidence of complications. Anatomic location of lymphatic malformations of the head and neck can be used to predict prognosis and outcome of surgical intervention.
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            Vascular lesions of head and neck: a literature review

            N.M. Syed, N. I. Syed, NM Syed … (2016)
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              Lymphangioma of the Lower Lip—A Diagnostic Dilemma: Report of a Rare Case with a Brief Literature Review

              Shamimul Hasan, Syed Ahmad, Mandeep Kaur … (2022)
              Hamartomas are tumor-like deformities typified by cellular propagation indigenous to the original site, although they display growth arrest without the possibility for further growth. Various hamartomatous oral lesions include hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, nevi, odontomas, Cherubism, etc. Lymphangiomas are benign, developmental hamartomatous entities typified by abnormal proliferation of lymphatic vessels. They are usually congenital, and more than 90% of cases occur by 2 years of age, with a rare occurrence in adults. They have a site affinity for the head and neck, and oral lesions are relatively uncommon. The dorsum of the tongue is the commonest oral site of predilection; however, the lip is a rare site of involvement. Hereby, we present an uncommon case of lymphangioma of the lower lip in a 45-year-old male patient, who reported to our hospital with an asymptomatic lower lip submucosal mass present for the last 3 years. Our case is unique as it occurred on the lower lip of a 45-year-old male. A detailed history and clinical evaluation, ultrasonography, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of lymphangioma.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cureus
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cureus
                Journal ID (issn): 2168-8184
                Title: Cureus
                Publisher: Cureus (Palo Alto (CA) )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2168-8184
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 15 December 2022
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): December 2022
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e32577
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
                [2 ] Oral Medicine and Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
                [3 ] Dentistry, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, NPL
                Author notes
                Article
                DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32577
                PMC ID: 9840748
                SO-VID: 7304b52f-1566-44b4-9a13-1caa76e428c9
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022, Haidry et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date accepted : 15 December 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Dentistry
                Subject: Oral Medicine

                Keywords: bleomycin,sodium tetradecyl sulfate,sclerotherapy,lymphatic malformations,lymphangiomas
                Data availability:
                Keywords: bleomycin, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sclerotherapy, lymphatic malformations, lymphangiomas

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