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      Determinants of dental caries among adolescent patients attending Hospitals in West Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia: A case-control study

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          Abstract

          Background

          Dental caries is a prevalent disease in both developed and developing countries and is a public health problem among adolescents. This study aimed to assess the determinants of dental caries among adolescent patients in the west Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia.

          Methods

          A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted in West Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia. A total of 133 cases and 266 controls participated in this study. Data were collected using pre-tested questionnaires from three hospitals. Epi-info version 7 was used for data entry and was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequency, proportion, mean and standard deviation were computed to summarize the data. Statistics are presented using tables and bar graphs. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of dental caries at P < 0.05. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to show the strength of association between the predictors and dental caries.

          Results

          A total of 399 adolescents were enrolled in this study, yielding a response rate of 100%. The study found that, daily consumption of sugared coffee (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI:1.62, 5.23), khat chewing (AOR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.46, 3.15), daily consumption of bread (AOR = 2.65, 95%CI: 1.44, 4.89), daily consumption of sweet foods (AOR = 2.04, 95%CI:1.19, 3.48), living in urban areas (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI:1.09, 3.15), and daily tooth brushing using toothpaste or stick (AOR = 0.48;95%CI, 0.28, 0.81) were significantly associated with dental caries among adolescents.

          Conclusions and recommendations

          In this study, drinking sugared coffee, daily consumption of bread, khat chewing, sugary food consumption, living in urban areas, and daily tooth brushing using toothpaste were significantly associated with dental caries. Therefore, improving dietary and drinking habits and strengthening regular tooth brushing are important for reducing dental caries among adolescents.

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          Most cited references40

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          Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in Burden of Oral Conditions from 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

          E Bernabé, W Marcenes, C.R. Hernandez … (2020)
          Government and nongovernmental organizations need national and global estimates on the descriptive epidemiology of common oral conditions for policy planning and evaluation. The aim of this component of the Global Burden of Disease study was to produce estimates on prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability for oral conditions from 1990 to 2017 by sex, age, and countries. In addition, this study reports the global socioeconomic pattern in burden of oral conditions by the standard World Bank classification of economies as well as the Global Burden of Disease Socio-demographic Index. The findings show that oral conditions remain a substantial population health challenge. Globally, there were 3.5 billion cases (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI], 3.2 to 3.7 billion) of oral conditions, of which 2.3 billion (95% UI, 2.1 to 2.5 billion) had untreated caries in permanent teeth, 796 million (95% UI, 671 to 930 million) had severe periodontitis, 532 million (95% UI, 443 to 622 million) had untreated caries in deciduous teeth, 267 million (95% UI, 235 to 300 million) had total tooth loss, and 139 million (95% UI, 133 to 146 million) had other oral conditions in 2017. Several patterns emerged when the World Bank’s classification of economies and the Socio-demographic Index were used as indicators of economic development. In general, more economically developed countries have the lowest burden of untreated dental caries and severe periodontitis and the highest burden of total tooth loss. The findings offer an opportunity for policy makers to identify successful oral health strategies and strengthen them; introduce and monitor different approaches where oral diseases are increasing; plan integration of oral health in the agenda for prevention of noncommunicable diseases; and estimate the cost of providing universal coverage for dental care.
          Article 0 comments Cited 361 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Global burden of untreated caries: a systematic review and metaregression.

            N Kassebaum, E Bernabé, M. Dahiya … (2015)
            We aimed to consolidate all epidemiologic data about untreated caries and subsequently generate internally consistent prevalence and incidence estimates for all countries, 20 age groups, and both sexes for 1990 and 2010. The systematic search of the literature yielded 18,311 unique citations. After screening titles and abstracts, we excluded 10,461 citations as clearly irrelevant to this systematic review, leaving 1,682 for full-text review. Furthermore, 1,373 publications were excluded following the validity assessment. Overall, 192 studies of 1,502,260 children aged 1 to 14 y in 74 countries and 186 studies of 3,265,546 individuals aged 5 y or older in 67 countries were included in separate metaregressions for untreated caries in deciduous and permanent teeth, respectively, using modeling resources from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. In 2010, untreated caries in permanent teeth was the most prevalent condition worldwide, affecting 2.4 billion people, and untreated caries in deciduous teeth was the 10th-most prevalent condition, affecting 621 million children worldwide. The global age-standardized prevalence and incidence of untreated caries remained static between 1990 and 2010. There is evidence that the burden of untreated caries is shifting from children to adults, with 3 peaks in prevalence at ages 6, 25, and 70 y. Also, there were considerable variations in prevalence and incidence between regions and countries. Policy makers need to be aware of a predictable increasing burden of untreated caries due to population growth and longevity and a significant decrease in the prevalence of total tooth loss throughout the world from 1990 to 2010.
            Article 0 comments Cited 327 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Global burden of oral diseases: emerging concepts, management and interplay with systemic health

              LJ Jin, IB Lamster, JS Greenspan … (2016)
              This study presents the global burden of major oral diseases with an exegetical commentary on their current profiles, the critical issues in oral healthcare and future perspectives.
              Article 0 comments Cited 211 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Tsega Tola Guracho: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Emiru Merdassa Atomssa: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Obsa Amante Megersa: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: Validation
                Tadesse Tolossa:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-9024
                Role: ResourcesRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Zhaoqiang Zhang: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 2 December 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0260427
                Affiliations
                [1 ] World Vision Ethiopia, Nedjo, Oromia, Ethiopia
                [2 ] Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
                Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, CHINA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-9024
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-21-13944
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260427
                PMC ID: 8639066
                PubMed ID: 34855813
                SO-VID: 72f90731-b85a-4a8e-89c8-527f891f667b
                Copyright © © 2021 Guracho et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 10 May 2021
                Date accepted : 9 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Pages: 11
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Medical Conditions
                Subject: Infectious Diseases
                Subject: Bacterial Diseases
                Subject: Caries
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Anatomy
                Subject: Digestive System
                Subject: Teeth
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Anatomy
                Subject: Digestive System
                Subject: Teeth
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Anatomy
                Subject: Head
                Subject: Jaw
                Subject: Teeth
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Anatomy
                Subject: Head
                Subject: Jaw
                Subject: Teeth
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Age Groups
                Subject: Children
                Subject: Adolescents
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Families
                Subject: Children
                Subject: Adolescents
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Food
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Food
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Food
                Subject: Bread
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Food
                Subject: Bread
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Geographical Locations
                Subject: Africa
                Subject: Ethiopia
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Beverages
                Subject: Coffee
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Beverages
                Subject: Coffee
                Subject: Earth Sciences
                Subject: Geography
                Subject: Human Geography
                Subject: Urban Geography
                Subject: Urban Areas
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Human Geography
                Subject: Urban Geography
                Subject: Urban Areas
                Subject: Earth Sciences
                Subject: Geography
                Subject: Geographic Areas
                Subject: Urban Areas
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

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