Análisis polínico de tres muestras de miel de Zacatecas, México Translated title: Pollen analysis of three honey samples from Zacatecas state, Mexico

Abstract

Se presenta el análisis polínico de mieles producidas por Apis mellifera L. provenientes de dos municipios del estado de Zacatecas, México. Se determinó el contenido polínico y se cuantificaron los diferentes elementos. Las mieles del municipio de Guadalupe presentaron 12 y 14 tipos polínicos. La muestra de Guadalupe (2006) resultó monofloral, con polen dominante de Asteraceae (61%) y polen secundario de Brassica spp. (28.5%), las Fabaceae alcanzaron sólo 6.5% resultando de importancia menor. La composición florística de la muestra de Guadalupe (2007) resultó similar en los tres tipos polínicos principales aunque Asteraceae no alcanzó el 45% para ser considerada monofloral (Asteraceae 44.1% y Brassica 36.3% se clasificaron como polen secundario) y Fabaceae (11.7%) y Stenandrium sp. (5.2%) resultaron de importancia menor. La miel del municipio de Villanueva presentó mayor diversidad con 18 tipos polínicos. Ésta resultó multifloral con polen secundario de Asteraceae (31.3%), Heliocarpus sp. (18.8%) y Ulmaceae (17.1%); Fabaceae (9.9%) y Sapindaceae (9.0%) se clasificaron como de importancia menor. Los pólenes predominantes en las mieles de Guadalupe correspondieron a plantas herbáceas y arbustivas y en la de Villanueva estas últimas predominaron ligeramente sobre las arbóreas. De acuerdo al análisis, las mieles de Guadalupe se clasifican en el Grupo II (3 734 y 4 226 granos/gr de miel) y la de Villanueva en el Grupo I (1 508 granos/gr de miel). Se consideran recursos apícolas importantes a las familias Asteraceae, Fabaceae (Lonchocarpus sp., Mimosa spp.), Ulmaceae, Sapindaceae, Lamiaceae y a los géneros Brassica, Heliocarpus, Stenandrium.

Translated abstract

A melissopalynological analysis of Apis mellifera L. honeys from two municipalities in the State of Zacatecas, Mexico, is presented. The pollen content was determined, and the different elements were quantified. Honeys from the Municipality of Guadalupe presented 12 and 14 pollen types. The 2006 Guadalupe sample was monofloral; it presented a dominant component of Asteraceae pollen (61%) and a secondary component of Brassica spp. pollen (28.5%), Fabaceae reaching only 6.5% and thus being of minor importance. The floristic composition of the 2007 Guadalupe sample was similar in the three principal pollen types although the Asteraceae did not attain the 45% needed to be considered monofloral (Asteraceae 44.1% and Brassica 36.3% were classified as secondary pollen, Fabaceae 11.7% and Stenandrium 5.2% as of minor importance). Honey from the Municipality of Villanueva presented more diversity, having 18 pollen types. This honey was multifloral; Asteraceae (31.3%), Heliocarpus sp. (18.8%), and Ulmaceae (17.1%) were considered secondary pollen, whereas Fabaceae (9.9%) and Sapindaceae (9.0%) were classified as pollen of minor importance. Pollen from herbs and shrubs was predominant in the Guadalupe honey samples, and shrubs dominated insignificantly over trees in the Villanueva sample. In accord with the analysis, Guadalupe honeys (3734 y 4226 pollen grains/gr of honey) were classified in Group II and that of Villanueva (1508 pollen grains/gr of honey) in Group I. The families Asteraceae, Fabaceae (Lonchocarpus sp., Mimosa spp.), Ulmaceae, Sapindaceae, and Lamiaceae and the genera Brassica, Heliocarpus, and Stenandrium are all considered important apicultural resources.