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      Incidence of second primary cancers in patients with retinoblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

      systematic-review

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the risk of second primary cancers (SPCs) among retinoblastoma (Rb) patients, both hereditary and nonhereditary. Previous studies have reported on the long-term risk of SPCs in these patient populations, but a comprehensive synthesis of the existing evidence is lacking.

          Methods

          A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception to 12 March 2023, supplemented by manual screening. Eligible studies were identified, and data were extracted. The primary outcome measure was the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of SPCs in Rb patients. Summary estimates were calculated using random or fixed effects models. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

          Results

          Ten studies, including nine high-quality studies, were included in this review. The summary estimate of SIR for SPCs among hereditary Rb patients was 17.55 (95% CI=13.10-23.51), while the pooled estimate of SIR for SPCs among nonhereditary Rb patients was 1.36 (95% CI=0.90-2.04). Significant differences in SIRs for different SPC types were observed (P=0.028), including nasal cavity tumor (SIR=591.06, 95% CI=162.79-2146.01), bone tumor (SIR=442.91, 95% CI=191.63-1023.68), soft tissue sarcoma (SIR=202.93, 95% CI=114.10-360.93), CNS (SIR=12.84, 95% CI=8.80-18.74), and female breast cancer (SIR=3.68, 95% CI=2.52-5.37). Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were associated with an increased risk of SPCs among hereditary Rb patients.

          Discussion

          The findings of this review indicate that hereditary Rb patients have a significantly elevated risk of developing SPCs, whereas nonhereditary Rb patients do not show the same risk. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the SIRs of different SPC types. Treatment techniques, specifically chemotherapy and radiation therapy, were associated with an increased risk of SPCs among hereditary Rb patients. These findings highlight the importance of radiation protection for Rb patients and the need for further research and tailored management strategies for this high-risk population.

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          Most cited references33

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          The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

          Matthew J L Page, Joanne E. Mckenzie, Patrick Bossuyt … (2021)
          Matthew Page and co-authors describe PRISMA 2020, an updated reporting guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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            The epidemiological challenge of the most frequent eye cancer: retinoblastoma, an issue of birth and death.

            Tero Kivelä (2009)
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              Mechanisms of sarcoma development.

              Paul S. Meltzer, Lee J. Helman (2003)
              Sarcomas are a rare and diverse group of tumours that are derived from connective tissues, including bone, muscle and cartilage. Although there are instances of hereditary predisposition to sarcomas, the overwhelming majority of such tumours are sporadic. In the past decade, we have gained much insight into the genetic abnormalities that seem to underlie the pathogenesis of these tumours. This information has already led to new classification of many sarcomas, as well as to successful therapies that are targeted at specific genetic abnormalities. It is likely that this approach will lead to continued refinements in classification and treatment of these tumours.
              Article 0 comments Cited 105 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jinfeng Sun: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2632728Role: Role: Role:
                Xiuli Gu: Role: Role:
                Liangjun Wang: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Oncol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Oncol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Oncol.
                Title: Frontiers in Oncology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2234-943X
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 March 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 14
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1372548
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, China
                [2] 2 Medical Services Division, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Alessandra Montecucco, National Research Council (CNR), Italy

                Reviewed by: Florica Sandru, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania

                Paolo Cremaschi, Human Technopole, Italy

                *Correspondence: Jinfeng Sun, 18906386008@ 123456189.cn
                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1372548
                PMC ID: 11007213
                PubMed ID: 38606112
                SO-VID: 7239eb41-7607-425a-bd39-3cbb49f40ca5
                Copyright © Copyright © 2024 Sun, Gu and Wang
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 18 January 2024
                Date accepted : 18 March 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 9, Words: 3973
                Funding
                The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
                Categories
                Subject: Oncology
                Subject: Systematic Review
                Custom metadata
                section-in-acceptance Cancer Genetics

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: retinoblastoma,second primary cancers,hereditary,meta-analysis,systematic review
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: retinoblastoma, second primary cancers, hereditary, meta-analysis, systematic review

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