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      Reverse supply chain practices for construction and demolition waste in the Brazilian Amazon: a multi-stakeholder view

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          Abstract

          Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is an environmental problem that affects all regions of the world. Particularly in the Brazilian Amazon Forest region, the volume of CDW generated almost doubled between 2007 and 2019. Indeed, despite Brazil having environmental regulations for waste management, these have been insufficient to solve the environmental problem because there is no CDW reverse supply chain (RSC) properly developed in the Amazon region. Previous studies have proposed a conceptual model of a CDW RSC but have hitherto failed to apply them against real world practice. This paper, therefore, attempts to test existing conceptual models that describe a CDW RSC against real industry practice prior to developing an applied model of a CDW RSC for the Brazilian Amazon. To modify the conceptual model for CDW RSC, qualitative data through 15 semi-structured interviews with five different types of stakeholders of the Amazonian CDW RSC were collected and analyzed using qualitative content analysis methods using NVivo software. The proposed applied model includes present and future reverse logistics (RL) practices, and strategies and tasks necessary for the implementation of a CDW RSC in the city of Belém of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. Findings reveal that several overlooked problems, particularly the limitations of the existing legal framework in Brazil, are not enough to promote a robust CDW RSC. This is perhaps the first study to examine CDW RSC in the Amazonian rainforest. Arguments provided in this study highlight the necessity for an Amazonian CDW RSC that must be promoted and regulated by the government. This can be addressed by the utilizing public–private partnership (PPP) for developing a CDW RSC.

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          How Many Interviews Are Enough?: An Experiment with Data Saturation and Variability

          Greg Guest, Arwen Bunce, Laura Johnson (2016)
          Article 0 comments Cited 1809 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The Discovery of Grounded Theory : Strategies for Qualitative Research

            Barney G. Glaser, Anselm L. Strauss (1967)
            Most writing on sociological method has been concerned with how accurate facts can be obtained and how theory can thereby be more rigorously tested. In The Discovery of Grounded Theory, Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss address the equally Important enterprise of how the discovery of theory from data--systematically obtained and analyzed in social research--can be furthered. The discovery of theory from data--grounded theory--is a major task confronting sociology, for such a theory fits empirical situations, and is understandable to sociologists and laymen alike. Most important, it provides relevant predictions, explanations, interpretations, and applications. In Part I of the book, -Generation Theory by Comparative Analysis, - the authors present a strategy whereby sociologists can facilitate the discovery of grounded theory, both substantive and formal. This strategy involves the systematic choice and study of several comparison groups. In Part II, The Flexible Use of Data, - the generation of theory from qualitative, especially documentary, and quantitative data Is considered. In Part III, -Implications of Grounded Theory, - Glaser and Strauss examine the credibility of grounded theory. The Discovery of Grounded Theory is directed toward improving social scientists' capacity for generating theory that will be relevant to their research. While aimed primarily at sociologists, it will be useful to anyone Interested In studying social phenomena--political, educational, economic, industrial-- especially If their studies are based on qualitative data.
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              What is an adequate sample size? Operationalising data saturation for theory-based interview studies.

              Jill Francis, Marie Johnston, Clare Robertson … (2010)
              In interview studies, sample size is often justified by interviewing participants until reaching 'data saturation'. However, there is no agreed method of establishing this. We propose principles for deciding saturation in theory-based interview studies (where conceptual categories are pre-established by existing theory). First, specify a minimum sample size for initial analysis (initial analysis sample). Second, specify how many more interviews will be conducted without new ideas emerging (stopping criterion). We demonstrate these principles in two studies, based on the theory of planned behaviour, designed to identify three belief categories (Behavioural, Normative and Control), using an initial analysis sample of 10 and stopping criterion of 3. Study 1 (retrospective analysis of existing data) identified 84 shared beliefs of 14 general medical practitioners about managing patients with sore throat without prescribing antibiotics. The criterion for saturation was achieved for Normative beliefs but not for other beliefs or studywise saturation. In Study 2 (prospective analysis), 17 relatives of people with Paget's disease of the bone reported 44 shared beliefs about taking genetic testing. Studywise data saturation was achieved at interview 17. We propose specification of these principles for reporting data saturation in theory-based interview studies. The principles may be adaptable for other types of studies.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                R. Brandao:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-4364
                rayra.brandao@ufra.edu.br
                D. J. Edwards: drdavidedwards@aol.com
                A. C. S. Melo: acsmelo@uepa.br
                A. N. Macedo: anmacedo@ufpa.br
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Mater Cycles Waste Manag
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Mater Cycles Waste Manag
                Title: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
                Publisher: Springer Japan (Tokyo )
                ISSN (Print): 1438-4957
                ISSN (Electronic): 1611-8227
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 May 2023
                Pages: 1-17
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.271300.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2171 5249, Postgraduate Program in Civil Engineering, PPGEC, Technology Institute, ITEC, , Federal University of Pará, UFPA, ; Belém Campus, Augusto Corrêa Street, 1, Guamá, Belém, Para 66075-110 Brazil
                [2 ]GRID grid.411181.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2221 0517, Business School, , Rural Federal University of the Amazon, ; Tomé-Açu, PA Brazil
                [3 ]GRID grid.19822.30, ISNI 0000 0001 2180 2449, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, , Birmingham City University, ; Birmingham, UK
                [4 ]GRID grid.412988.e, ISNI 0000 0001 0109 131X, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, , University of Johannesburg, ; Johannesburg, South Africa
                [5 ]GRID grid.442052.5, Centre for Natural Sciences and Technology, , Para State University, ; Belém, Para Brazil
                [6 ]GRID grid.271300.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2171 5249, Technology Institute, ITEC, , Federal University of Pará, UFPA, ; Augusto Corrêa Street, 1, Guamá, Belém CampusBelém, Para 66075-110 Brazil
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-4364
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1680
                DOI: 10.1007/s10163-023-01680-1
                PMC ID: 10155146
                SO-VID: 71e67897-9480-48e6-bb35-283e298fe314
                Copyright © © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date received : 16 November 2022
                Date accepted : 16 April 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002322, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior;
                Award ID: 001
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: construction and demolition waste,reverse supply chain,reverse logistics,construction and civil engineering industry,brazilian amazon
                Data availability:
                Keywords: construction and demolition waste, reverse supply chain, reverse logistics, construction and civil engineering industry, brazilian amazon

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