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      The role of RDoC in future classification of mental disorders
 Translated title: El papel de los Criterios de Dominio de Investigación en las futuras clasificaciones de los trastornos mentales Translated title: Rôle des Critères de domaines de recherche dans la future classification des troubles mentaux

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          Abstract

          The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project constitutes a translational framework for psychopathology research, initiated by the National Institute of Mental Health in an attempt to provide new avenues for research to circumvent problems emerging from the use of symptom-based diagnostic categories in diagnosing disorders. The RDoC alternative is a focus on psychopathology based on dimensions simultaneously defined by observable behavior (including quantitative measures of cognitive or affective behavior) and neurobiological measures. Key features of the RDoC framework include an emphasis on functional dimensions that range from normal to abnormal, integration of multiple measures in study designs (which can foster computational approaches), and high priority on studies of neurodevelopment and environmental influences (and their interaction) that can contribute to advances in understanding the etiology of disorders throughout the lifespan. The paper highlights key implications for ways in which RDoC can contribute to future ideas about classification, as well as some of the considerations involved in translating basic behavioral and neuroscience data to psychopathology.


          Translated abstract

          El proyecto Research Domain Criteria (Criterios de Dominio de Investigación, CDI) constituye un marco traslacional para la investigación en psicopatología y fue iniciado por el Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental en un intento por proporcionar nuevas alternativas de investigación para sortear los problemas que surgen del uso de categorías diagnósticas basadas en síntomas para el diagnóstico de los trastornos mentales. La propuesta CDI se centra en la psicopatología basada en dimensiones, las cuales se definen simultáneamente por el comportamiento observable (incluyendo las mediciones cuantitativas del comportamiento cognitivo o afectivo) y las mediciones neurobiológicas. Las características clave de los CDI incluyen un énfasis en las dimensiones funcionales que van de lo normal a lo anormal, la integración de múltiples mediciones en los diseños de estudio (que pueden fomentar enfoques computacionales) y una alta prioridad en los estudios del neurodesarrollo y de las influencias ambientales (y de su interacción), todo lo cual puede contribuir a los avances en la comprensión de la etiología de los trastornos a lo largo de la vida. Este artículo destaca las consecuencias clave de las formas en que los CDI pueden contribuir a futuras ideas acerca de la clasificación, así como a algunas de las consideraciones involucradas en la traducción de datos básicos del comportamiento y de la neurociencia para la psicopatología.

          Translated abstract

          Le National Institute of Mental Health a créé le projet des Critères de domaines de recherche (RDoC, Research Domain Criteria) comme cadre de recherche en psychopathologie, dans le but d’ouvrir les champs de recherche en contournant les problèmes issus des catégories diagnostiques basées sur les symptômes des maladies. Le RDoC est centré sur la psychopathologie et s’appuie sur un comportement observable (y compris des données quantitatives de comportement cognitif ou affectif) comme sur des données neurobiologiques. Structuré autour de caractéristiques essentielles, le RDoC valorise les dimensions fonctionnelles (de normales à anormales), les études de conceptions différentes (pouvant favoriser les méthodes numériques), et prioritairement les études de neurodéveloppement, les influences environnementales et leurs interactions qui peuvent améliorer la compréhension de l’étiologie des maladies au cours de la vie. Cet article souligne les principaux messages concernant les apports du RDoC aux nouvelles méthodes de classification, ainsi que certaines observations en lien avec la traduction des données fondamentales neuroscientifiques et comportementales en psychopathologie.

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          Most cited references21

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          A positive-negative mode of population covariation links brain connectivity, demographics and behavior

          We investigated the relationship between individual subjects’ functional connectomes and 280 behavioral and demographic measures, in a single holistic multivariate analysis relating imaging to non-imaging data from 461 subjects in the Human Connectome Project. We identified one strong mode of population co-variation; subjects were predominantly spread along a single “positive-negative” axis, linking lifestyle, demographic and psychometric measures to each other and to a specific pattern of brain connectivity.
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            Identification of Distinct Psychosis Biotypes Using Brain-Based Biomarkers.

            Clinical phenomenology remains the primary means for classifying psychoses despite considerable evidence that this method incompletely captures biologically meaningful differentiations. Rather than relying on clinical diagnoses as the gold standard, this project drew on neurobiological heterogeneity among psychosis cases to delineate subgroups independent of their phenomenological manifestations.
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              The new field of ‘precision psychiatry’

              Background Precision medicine is a new and important topic in psychiatry. Psychiatry has not yet benefited from the advanced diagnostic and therapeutic technologies that form an integral part of other clinical specialties. Thus, the vision of precision medicine as applied to psychiatry – ‘precision psychiatry’ – promises to be even more transformative than in other fields of medicine, which have already lessened the translational gap. Discussion Herein, we describe ‘precision psychiatry’ and how its several implications promise to transform the psychiatric landscape. We pay particular attention to biomarkers and to how the development of new technologies now makes their discovery possible and timely. The adoption of the term ‘precision psychiatry’ will help propel the field, since the current term ‘precision medicine’, as applied to psychiatry, is impractical and does not appropriately distinguish the field. Naming the field ‘precision psychiatry’ will help establish a stronger, unique identity to what promises to be the most important area in psychiatry in years to come. Conclusion In summary, we provide a wide-angle lens overview of what this new field is, suggest how to propel the field forward, and provide a vision of the near future, with ‘precision psychiatry’ representing a paradigm shift that promises to change the landscape of how psychiatry is currently conceived.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
                Les Laboratoires Servier (France )
                1294-8322
                1958-5969
                March 2020
                March 2020
                : 22
                : 1
                : 81-85
                Affiliations
                National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, US
                Author notes
                Bruce N. Cuthbert, PhD, National Institute of Mental Health6001 Executive Blvd, Room 8151, MSC 9632, Bethesda, MD 20892-9632, US [* ] E-mail: bcuthber@ 123456mail.nih.gov
                Article
                10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.1/bcuthbert
                7365298
                32699508
                71abcb62-22c6-4511-a5ad-3b27d399f1e0
                © 2019, AICHServier GroupCopyright © 2019 AICH Servier Group. All rights reserved

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Brief Report

                Neurosciences
                psychiatric diagnosis,psychiatric nosology,research domain criteria,rdoc
                Neurosciences
                psychiatric diagnosis, psychiatric nosology, research domain criteria, rdoc

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