A Comparison of Team Sport Volume Surveyed Between High School and
Club Sport Coaches

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Abstract

Background:

Club sport participation is increasingly common among high school athletes. Sport participation characteristics may vary widely between the high school and club sport settings. However, there have been no large-scale comparisons of sport participation volume between high school and club teams from similar sports.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare the sport participation characteristics of high school and high school–aged club teams. We hypothesized that club team athletes would participate in more months per year and hours per week and would take more overnight trips than high school athletes and that club team coaches would be less likely to track their athletes’ sport volume than high school coaches.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

A total of 769 coaches (266 female; 34.6%) from 3 sports (basketball, volleyball, soccer) completed an anonymous online questionnaire regarding their team’s sport volume and their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding sport specialization. Coaches were eligible to participate if they had served as the head or assistant coach of a high school sport team or high school–aged club sport team in the past 12 months.

Results:

Overall, 64.6% (n = 497) were coaches of a high school team, and 35.4% (n = 272) were coaches of a club team with high school–aged athletes. Club coaches’ teams played more months out of the year and took more overnight trips for competitions than high school coaches’ teams but participated in fewer hours per week of practices or competitions during their season. There were no differences between club and high school coaches in tracking their athletes’ sport volume, with most coaches in both settings reporting that they do not track the amount of time that their athletes participate in other sports.

Conclusion:

Significant differences in sport participation volume exist between the teams of high school and club coaches.

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Most cited references 11

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Determination and quantification of content validity.

M Lynn (1986)

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Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers.

Jason R Andrews, J. Olsen, Jeremy Loftice … (2006)

There is little evidence supporting current safety recommendations for adolescent pitchers. Pitching practices of adolescent pitchers without history of arm injury will be significantly different from those of adolescent pitchers who required shoulder or elbow surgery. Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Ninety-five adolescent pitchers who had shoulder or elbow surgery and 45 adolescent pitchers who never had a significant pitching-related injury completed a survey. Responses were compared between the 2 groups using t tests and chi(2) analyses. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to identify the risk factors. The injured group pitched significantly more months per year, games per year, innings per game, pitches per game, pitches per year, and warm-up pitches before a game. These pitchers were more frequently starting pitchers, pitched in more showcases, pitched with higher velocity, and pitched more often with arm pain and fatigue. They also used anti-inflammatory drugs and ice more frequently to prevent an injury. Although the groups were age matched, the injured group was taller and heavier. There were no significant differences regarding private pitching instruction, coach's chief concern, pitcher's self-rating, exercise programs, stretching practices, relieving frequency, pitch type frequency, or age at which pitch types were first thrown. Pitching practices were significantly different between the groups. The factors with the strongest associations with injury were overuse and fatigue. High pitch velocity and participation in showcases were also associated with increased risk for injury. New recommendations were made based on these results. Adherence to the recommendations may reduce the incidence of significant injury to adolescent pitchers.

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AOSSM Early Sport Specialization Consensus Statement

Robert F. LaPrade, Julie Agel, Joseph Baker … (2016)

Background: Early sport specialization is not a requirement for success at the highest levels of competition and is believed to be unhealthy physically and mentally for young athletes. It also discourages unstructured free play, which has many benefits. Purpose: To review the available evidence on early sports specialization and identify areas where scientific data are lacking. Study Design: Think tank, roundtable discussion. Results: The primary outcome of this think tank was that there is no evidence that young children will benefit from early sport specialization in the majority of sports. They are subject to overuse injury and burnout from concentrated activity. Early multisport participation will not deter young athletes from long-term competitive athletic success. Conclusion: Youth advocates, parents, clinicians, and coaches need to work together with the sport governing bodies to ensure healthy environments for play and competition that do not create long-term health issues yet support athletic competition at the highest level desired.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Orthop J Sports Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Orthop J Sports Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): OJS

Journal ID (hwp): spojs

Title: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )

ISSN (Electronic): 2325-9671

Publication date (Electronic): 08 April 2019

Publication date Collection: April 2019

Volume: 7

Issue: 4

Electronic Location Identifier: 2325967119836484

Affiliations

[† ]School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.

[‡ ]Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

[§ ]Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

[4-2325967119836484] Investigation performed at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

Author notes

[*] [* ]Eric G. Post, PhD, ATC, School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA (email: epost@ 123456sdsu.edu ).

Article

Publisher ID: 10.1177_2325967119836484

DOI: 10.1177/2325967119836484

PMC ID: 6454658

SO-VID: 71711d01-c569-4de6-b4ff-b6b897136f7f

License:

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Keywords: secondary school,club sports,sport specialization,sport volume,injury prevention recommendations

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Keywords: secondary school, club sports, sport specialization, sport volume, injury prevention recommendations

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A Comparison of Team Sport Volume Surveyed Between High School and Club Sport Coaches

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Abstract

Background:

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Results:

Conclusion:

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Most cited references 11

Determination and quantification of content validity.

Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers.

AOSSM Early Sport Specialization Consensus Statement

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