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      Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology Consensus Recommendations on Dyslipidaemia

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          Abstract

          The prevalence of dyslipidaemia has been increasing in the Asia-Pacific region and this is attributed to dietary changes and decreasing physical activity. While there has been substantial progress in dyslipidaemia therapy, its management in the region is hindered by limitations in awareness, adherence and healthcare costs. The Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology (APSC) developed these consensus recommendations to address the need for a unified approach to managing dyslipidaemia. These recommendations are intended to guide general cardiologists and internists in the assessment and treatment of dyslipidaemia and are hoped to pave the way for improving screening, early diagnosis and treatment. The APSC expert panel reviewed and appraised the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. Consensus recommendations were developed, which were then put to an online vote. The resulting consensus recommendations tackle contemporary issues in the management of dyslipidaemia, familial hypercholesterolaemia and lipoprotein(a) in the Asia-Pacific region.

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          Most cited references32

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          2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk

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            GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence.

            This article introduces the approach of GRADE to rating quality of evidence. GRADE specifies four categories-high, moderate, low, and very low-that are applied to a body of evidence, not to individual studies. In the context of a systematic review, quality reflects our confidence that the estimates of the effect are correct. In the context of recommendations, quality reflects our confidence that the effect estimates are adequate to support a particular recommendation. Randomized trials begin as high-quality evidence, observational studies as low quality. "Quality" as used in GRADE means more than risk of bias and so may also be compromised by imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness of study results, and publication bias. In addition, several factors can increase our confidence in an estimate of effect. GRADE provides a systematic approach for considering and reporting each of these factors. GRADE separates the process of assessing quality of evidence from the process of making recommendations. Judgments about the strength of a recommendation depend on more than just the quality of evidence. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur Cardiol
                Eur Cardiol
                ECR
                European Cardiology Review
                Radcliffe Cardiology
                1758-3756
                1758-3764
                09 December 2021
                February 2021
                : 16
                : e54
                Affiliations
                [1. ] National Heart Centre Singapore Singapore
                [2. ] University of Cambridge UK
                [3. ] Victorian Heart Institute Melbourne, Australia
                [4. ] UT Southwestern Medical Center Texas, US
                [5. ] Flinders University of South Australia Australia
                [6. ] Mater Hospital and University of Queensland Australia
                [7. ] Shanghai Chest Hospital China
                [8. ] University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
                [9. ] Centre for Cardiac Sciences, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital Mumbai, India
                [10. ] National Cardiovascular Centre, Harapan Kita Hospital, Department of Cardiology-Vascular Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Indonesia
                [11. ] Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
                [12. ] Kanazawa University Hospital Japan
                [13. ] Seoul National University Bundang Hospital South Korea
                [14. ] Gleneagles Hospital Penang Malaysia
                [15. ] Khoo Teck Puat Hospital Singapore
                [16. ] National Cheng Kung University Hospital Taiwan
                [17. ] Chiang Mai University Thailand
                [18. ] Manipal Hospital Bangalore, India
                [19. ] Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences Kolkata, India
                [20. ] Seoul National University Hospital Seoul, Korea
                [21. ] Singapore General Hospital Singapore
                [22. ] Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand
                [23. ] Sengkang General Hospital Singapore
                Author notes

                Disclosure: This work was funded through Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology by unrestricted educational grants from Abbott Vascular, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer and Roche Diagnostics. JWCT has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Amgen, Medtronic, Abbott Vascular, Biosensors, Alvimedica, Boehringer Ingelheim and Pfizer; research and educational grants from Medtronic, Biosensors, Biotronik, Philips, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Roche, Ostuka, Terumo and Abbott Vascular; and consulting fees from Elixir and CSL Behring. JWCT is on the European Cardiology Review editorial board; this did not influence peer review. AMN has received research funding from BMS, Esperion, Amgen and Janssen; and honoraria and consulting fees from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim , Esperion, Janssen, Lilly, Sanofi, Regeneron, NovoNordisk, Novartis, The Medicines Company, New Amsterdam, 89Bio and Pfizer. MLO has received consulting fees, lecture fees and travel grants from Abbott, Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Menarini, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Sanofi. HFT has received grants, research support, speakers bureau, honoraria or consulting fees from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Daiichi Sankyo, Medtronic, Novartis, Pfizer and Sanofi. SSI has received investigator fees from Amgen and lecture honoraria from Reddy’s Lab, Sanofi, and Novartis. TS has received advisory board honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Novartis and Sanofi. SJN has received research support from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Anthera, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Novartis, Cerenis, The Medicines Company, Resverlogix, InfraReDx, Roche, Sanofi-Regeneron and LipoScience; and is a consultant for AstraZeneca, Akcea, Eli Lilly, Anthera, Omthera, Merck, Takeda, Resverlogix, Sanofi-Regeneron, CSL Behring, Esperion and Boehringer Ingelheim. KKY has received institutional research funding from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Amgen, AstraZeneca and Shockwave Medical; consulting or honoraria fees from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott Vascular, Amgen, Bayer and Novartis; and speaker or proctor fees from Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Philips, Shockwave Medical, Alvimedica, Menarini, AstraZeneca, Amgen and Bayer. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

                Correspondence: Jack Wei Chieh Tan, National Heart Centre, Singapore, 5 Hospital Dr, Singapore 169609. E: jack.tan.w.c@ 123456singhealth.com.sg
                Article
                10.15420/ecr.2021.36
                8728885
                35024056
                707b8e58-a0d8-4f87-aa34-a70f6e47209a
                Copyright © 2021, Radcliffe Cardiology

                This work is open access under the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License which allows users to copy, redistribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is cited correctly.

                History
                : 15 July 2021
                : 04 October 2021
                Page count
                Pages: 6
                Categories
                APSC Consensus Statements

                asia-pacific,consensus,dyslipidaemia,familial hypercholesterolaemia,lipoprotein(a)

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