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      Análisis histológico del cuerno del toro de lidia, lesiones observadas tras el enfundado Translated title: Histological analysis of the horn of the fighting bull, lesions observed after horns sheathing

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La cornamenta de los bovinos es una región anatómica muy poco estudiada desde el punto de vista anatómico y fisiológico. El toro de lidia es un animal icónico y su cornamenta un símbolo mitológico de integridad, hasta tal punto que los ganaderos recurren a la aplicación de fundas de fibra de vidrio para preservarla de cualquier manipulación. Con el presente trabajo se pretende estudiar la estructura histológica del cuerno del toro de lidia, analizando la posible influencia de la práctica de “enfundado” en la misma. Para ello se han recogido cuernos de 30 toros (4-5 años) en plazas de toros, contando con un grupo control de individuos no enfundados de 15 animales. Tras los análisis se describe la estructura histológica del epitelio corneal compuesto por tres capas: estrato córneo, estrato espinoso y estrato basal que continúan con la dermis y se describen las lesiones observadas en ciertos animales tales como espongiosis en el estrato espinoso, desorganización celular del estrato basal o presencia de múltiples neovasos en la dermis. No se detecta ningún efecto del enfundado a nivel histológico.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The bovine horns is an anatomical region that has been poorly studied from an anatomical and physiological point of view. The fighting bull is an iconic animal and its horns a mythological symbol of integrity, to such an extent that farmers resort to applying synthetic resins covers to preserve it from any manipulation. With the present work it is intended to study the histological structure of the horn of the fighting bull, analyzing the possible influence of the practice of "sheathing" on it. To this end, horns have been collected from 30 bulls (4-5 years old) in bullrings in, with a control group of 15 animals not sheathed. After the analyses, the normal histological structure of the bull's horns is described and the lesions observed in some animals, such as spongiosis in the spinosum stratum, cellular disorganization of the basal stratum or the presence of multiple neovessels in the dermis, are described. No effect of sheathing is detected at the histological level.

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          Biological materials: Structure and mechanical properties

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            Comparison of the structure and mechanical properties of bovine femur bone and antler of the North American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis).

            Antler and limb bone have a similar microstructure and chemical composition. Both are primarily composed of type I collagen and a mineral phase (carbonated apatite), arranged in osteons in compact (cortical bone) sections and a lamellar structure in the cancellous (spongy or trabecular bone) sections. The mineral content is lower in antler bone and it has a core of cancellous bone surrounded by compact bone running through the main beam and tines. The mineral content is higher in the compact compared with the cancellous bone, although there is no difference in ratios of the mineral elements with calcium. Mechanical tests (bend and compression) on longitudinal and transverse orientations of dry and rehydrated compact bone of North American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) antlers are compared with known data on other antlers as well as bovine femora. Both dry and rehydrated bones are highly anisotropic, with the bending and compressive strength and elastic modulus higher in the longitudinal than in the transverse direction. There is no significant difference between the bend strength and elastic modulus between dry and rehydrated samples tested in the transverse direction. The elastic modulus measured from the bending tests is compared with composite models. The elastic modulus and bend strengths are lower in the rehydrated condition, but the strain to failure and fracture toughness is much higher compared with dry samples. All antler bone mechanical properties are lower than that of bovine femora. The antler has a much higher fracture toughness compared with bovine femora, which correlates with their main function in intraspecific combat as a high impact resistant, energy absorbent material. A model of compression deformation is proposed, which is based on osteon sliding during shear.
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              Biomechanical Properties of Bovine Claw Horn

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                av
                Abanico veterinario
                Abanico vet
                Sergio Martínez González (Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico )
                2007-428X
                2448-6132
                December 2023
                : 13
                : e2022-26
                Affiliations
                [3] León Castilla y León orgnameUniversidad de León orgdiv1Facultad de Veterinaria de León Spain
                [1] Valencia Valencia orgnameUniversidad Cardenal Herrera orgdiv1Facultad de Veterinaria Spain
                [2] Zaragoza orgnameMSD Animal Health España
                Article
                S2448-61322023000100102 S2448-6132(23)01300000102
                10.21929/abavet2023.5
                702d37e0-2288-4c25-8a95-f58a3985faa8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 February 2023
                : 26 March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                cuernos,raza de lidia,toro de lidia,histology,horns,fighting cattle,fighting bull,histología

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