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      Registered nurses' experiences of working in the intensive care unit during the COVID‐19 pandemic

      research-article
      , RN, CCN, PhD 1 , , , RN, CCN, PhD 2 , , RN, CRNA, PhD 3 , , RN, CCN, PhD 4
      Nursing in Critical Care
      Blackwell Publishing Ltd
      COVID‐19, nursing, occupational health, pandemic, qualitative research

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          Abstract

          Background

          During the pandemic, increased numbers of patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission required an increase in ICU capacity, including ICU staffing with competence to care for critically ill patients. Consequently, nurses from acute care areas were called in to staff the ICU along with experienced intensive care nurses.

          Aims and objectives

          To describe Swedish registered nurses' experiences of caring for patients with COVID‐19 in ICUs during the pandemic.

          Design

          Mixed method survey design.

          Methods

          An online questionnaire was distributed through social media to registered nurses who had been working in the ICU during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Data were collected for 1 week (May 2020) and analysed using content analysis and descriptive statistics.

          Results

          Of the 282 nurses who participated, the majority were ICU nurses (n = 151; 54%). Half of the nurses specialized in ICU reported that they were responsible for the ICU care of three or more patients during the pandemic (n = 75; 50%). Among non‐intensive care nurses, only 19% received introduction to the COVID‐19 ICU (n = 26). The analysis of data regarding nurses' experiences resulted in three categories: tumbling into chaos, diminished nursing care, and transition into pandemic ICU care. Participants described how patient safety and care quality were compromised, and that nursing care was severely deprioritized during the pandemic. The situation of not being able to provide nursing care resulted in ethical stress. Furthermore, an increased workload and worsened work environment affected nurses' health and well‐being.

          Conclusions

          The findings from the present study indicate that nurses perceived that patient safety and quality of care were compromised during the pandemic. This resulted in ethical stress among nurses, which may have affected their physical and psychosocial well‐being.

          Relevance to clinical practice

          The COVID‐19 pandemic had a severe impact on nurses' work environment, which could result in burnout and staff turnover.

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          Most cited references23

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          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found

          Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

          In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of affected patients is limited.
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            Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.

            Qualitative research explores complex phenomena encountered by clinicians, health care providers, policy makers and consumers. Although partial checklists are available, no consolidated reporting framework exists for any type of qualitative design. To develop a checklist for explicit and comprehensive reporting of qualitative studies (in depth interviews and focus groups). We performed a comprehensive search in Cochrane and Campbell Protocols, Medline, CINAHL, systematic reviews of qualitative studies, author or reviewer guidelines of major medical journals and reference lists of relevant publications for existing checklists used to assess qualitative studies. Seventy-six items from 22 checklists were compiled into a comprehensive list. All items were grouped into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. Duplicate items and those that were ambiguous, too broadly defined and impractical to assess were removed. Items most frequently included in the checklists related to sampling method, setting for data collection, method of data collection, respondent validation of findings, method of recording data, description of the derivation of themes and inclusion of supporting quotations. We grouped all items into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. The criteria included in COREQ, a 32-item checklist, can help researchers to report important aspects of the research team, study methods, context of the study, findings, analysis and interpretations.
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              • Article: found

              Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                lina.bergman@ki.se
                Role: Associate Professor
                Role: Associate Professor
                Journal
                Nurs Crit Care
                Nurs Crit Care
                10.1111/(ISSN)1478-5153
                NICC
                Nursing in Critical Care
                Blackwell Publishing Ltd (Oxford, UK )
                1362-1017
                1478-5153
                10 May 2021
                : 10.1111/nicc.12649
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
                [ 2 ] Department for Health Promoting Science Sophiahemmet University Stockholm Sweden
                [ 3 ] Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
                [ 4 ] Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Dr Lina Bergman, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.

                Email: lina.bergman@ 123456ki.se

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-8679
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2246-7894
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6111-8377
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4640-6236
                Article
                NICC12649
                10.1111/nicc.12649
                8242789
                33973304
                7009431b-14e2-49fb-9804-8dfc9c665b53
                © 2021 The Authors. Nursing in Critical Care published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Association of Critical Care Nurses.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 26 April 2021
                : 30 October 2020
                : 27 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Pages: 9, Words: 6459
                Categories
                Research
                Research
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                corrected-proof
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.2 mode:remove_FC converted:30.06.2021

                Nursing
                covid‐19,nursing,occupational health,pandemic,qualitative research
                Nursing
                covid‐19, nursing, occupational health, pandemic, qualitative research

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