4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Associação entre carboidratos da dieta habitual e diabetes mellitus tipo 2: evidências epidemiológicas Translated title: Association between dietary carbohydrates and type 2 diabetes mellitus: epidemiological evidences

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          A prevalência do diabetes tem se elevado vertiginosamente e a dieta habitual é um dos principais fatores determinantes passíveis de modificação na prevenção de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis (DCNT). Evidências sobre o papel da qualidade dos carboidratos da dieta no risco para o diabetes tipo 2 têm sido consideradas inconsistentes. O presente estudo de revisão da literatura analisa evidências epidemiológicas da associação entre a qualidade dos carboidratos da dieta habitual e risco de diabetes em adultos. Embora alguns estudos indiquem um efeito de risco de dietas com elevados teores de índice glicêmico e pobre em fibras para o diabetes, os resultados são controversos e há indícios de um efeito mediado pelo magnésio contido na casca dos grãos, enfatizando-se a relevância da analise d consumo de alimentos em detrimento de nutrientes isoladamente em investigações sobre dieta e risco para DCNT. As evidências sugerem que uma dieta rica em cereais integrais e vegetais, em detrimento do consumo de cereais refinados, sacarose e frutose, possa exercer um papel protetor para o diabetes. Entretanto, um maior número de ensaios clínicos aleatorizados são necessários para o estabelecimento das hipóteses causais e plausabilidade biológica.

          Translated abstract

          The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been escalating throughout the world and usual food consumption is regarded as one of the most important environmental determinants for chronic diseases. Thus, the role of type and quality of carbohydrates on the etiology of type 2 diabetes is still poorly understood. The present review discusses the available epidemiological evidence regarding the effect of the type and source of carbohydrate of the usual diet and the risk of type 2 diabetes in adults. Although epidemiological investigations support the hypothesis for a potential risk effect of high glycemic index and low fiber content diets for diabetes, the results are controversial and the benefit may be related to the magnesium content of the structure of the grains, suggesting the relevance of taking into account the food sources instead of nutrients on investigations of diet and risk of chronic diseases. The available evidence suggests that eating a diet rich in whole grain cereals and vegetables and low in refined grains, sucrose and fructose contents is beneficial in the prevention of diabetes. Thus, more clinical trials are required to support the associations and establish biologically plausible pathways.

          Related collections

          Most cited references58

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women.

          Dietary carbohydrates may influence the development of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, for example, through effects on blood glucose and insulin concentrations. We examined the relations of baseline intake of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, dietary magnesium, and carbohydrate-rich foods and the glycemic index with incidence of diabetes. This was a prospective cohort study of 35988 older Iowa women initially free of diabetes. During 6 y of follow-up, 1141 incident cases of diabetes were reported. Total grain, whole-grain, total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, and dietary magnesium intakes showed strong inverse associations with incidence of diabetes after adjustment for potential nondietary confounding variables. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks of diabetes were 1.0, 0.99, 0.98, 0.92, and 0.79 (P for trend: 0.0089) across quintiles of whole-grain intake; 1.0, 1.09, 1.00, 0.94, and 0.78 (P for trend: 0.005) across quintiles of total dietary fiber intake; and 1.0, 0.81, 0.82, 0.81, and 0.67 (P for trend: 0.0003) across quintiles of dietary magnesium intake. Intakes of total carbohydrates, refined grains, fruit and vegetables, and soluble fiber and the glycemic index were unrelated to diabetes risk. These data support a protective role for grains (particularly whole grains), cereal fiber, and dietary magnesium in the development of diabetes in older women.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange.

            The determine the effect of different foods on the blood glucose, 62 commonly eaten foods and sugars were fed individually to groups of 5 to 10 healthy fasting volunteers. Blood glucose levels were measured over 2 h, and expressed as a percentage of the area under the glucose response curve when the same amount of carbohydrate was taken as glucose. The largest rises were seen with vegetables (70 +/- 5%), followed by breakfast cereals (65 +/- 5%), cereals and biscuits (60 +/- 3%), fruit (50 +/- 5%), dairy products (35 +/- 1%), and dried legumes (31 +/- 3%). A significant negative relationship was seen between fat (p less than 0.01) and protein (p less than 0.001) and postprandial glucose rise but not with fiber or sugar content.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Carbohydrate nutrition, insulin resistance, and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Framingham Offspring Cohort.

              The aim of this study was to examine the relation between carbohydrate-related dietary factors, insulin resistance, and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. We examined cross-sectional associations between carbohydrate-related dietary factors, insulin resistance, and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in 2,834 subjects at the fifth examination (1991-1995) of the Framingham Offspring Study. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated using the following formula (fasting plasma insulin x plasma glucose)/22.5. The metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, intakes of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, fruit fiber, and whole grains were inversely associated, whereas glycemic index and glycemic load were positively associated with HOMA-IR. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly lower among those in the highest quintile of cereal fiber (odds ratio [OR] 0.62; 95% CI 0.45-0.86) and whole-grain (0.67; 0.48-0.91) intakes relative to those in the lowest quintile category after adjustment for confounding lifestyle and dietary factors. Conversely, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher among individuals in the highest relative to the lowest quintile category of glycemic index (1.41; 1.04-1.91). Total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, fruit fiber, vegetable fiber, legume fiber, glycemic load, and refined grain intakes were not associated with prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Whole-grain intake, largely attributed to the cereal fiber, is inversely associated with HOMA-IR and a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Dietary glycemic index is positively associated with HOMA-IR and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Given that both a high cereal fiber content and lower glycemic index are attributes of whole-grain foods, recommendation to increase whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                abem
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia
                Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab
                Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1677-9487
                June 2006
                : 50
                : 3
                : 415-426
                Affiliations
                [02] SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Saúde Pública orgdiv2Departamento de Nutrição
                [01] SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Social
                Article
                S0004-27302006000300003 S0004-2730(06)05000303
                6feff985-44fe-4bbb-b7ba-0c38b75c8b42

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 March 2006
                : 21 March 2006
                : 14 October 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Revisões

                Consumo alimentar,Epidemiologia do diabetes,Fibra dietética,Índice glicêmico,Carboidratos,Diabetes epidemiology,Dietary fiber,Glycemic index,Carbohydrates,Food consumption

                Comments

                Comment on this article