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      Treatment of pregnancy-associated oral pyogenic granuloma with life-threatening haemorrhage by transarterial embolisation

      , , ,
      The Journal of Laryngology & Otology
      Cambridge University Press (CUP)

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Pregnancy-associated pyogenic granuloma (pregnancy tumour) is not uncommon. However, control of severe bleeding associated with the lesion by transarterial embolisation has never been reported.

          Case report:

          We report the case of a 33-year-old pregnant woman (34 weeks gestation) who presented with a pregnancy-associated pyogenic granuloma of the mandibular gingiva with a life-threatening haemorrhage. The bleeding stopped soon after transarterial micro-embolisation and regressed after one month; thus, no further surgical excision was needed. The patient was free of post-operative wound pain and infection, and there was no recurrence after one year of follow up.

          Conclusion:

          In general, surgical excision is the first treatment choice for pregnancy tumours. However, it is limited by the risk of marked deformity or incomplete excision when large lesions or difficult surgical areas are encountered. For large tumours, transarterial embolisation may be a safer alternative.

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          Most cited references26

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          Oral pyogenic granuloma: a review of 137 cases.

          We retrospectively reviewed 137 cases of histologically confirmed pyogenic granuloma of the oral cavity from the records of the Department of Oral Surgery, Bharat Heavy Electricals Hospital, Trichy, India between 1996 and 2006. The most commonly affected site was the gingiva (n=114, 83%). Mean age of patients was 31 years (range 6-85, male to female ratio 1:2.6). Simple excision is enough to prevent recurrence, but the aetiology and pathogenesis of the lesion must be known to understand its nature.
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            Oral pyogenic granuloma: a retrospective analysis of 293 cases in a Brazilian population.

            The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical, demographic, and pathologic properties of oral pyogenic granuloma occurring in a Brazilian population. We retrieved an archival number of 293 cases that were diagnosed as having oral pyogenic granuloma at the Service of Pathological Anatomy, Discipline of Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil, during a 38-year period, from 1970 to 2008. The records were reviewed, and information on gender, age, race, lesion site, predisposing factors, clinical features, and clinical diagnosis, treatment, and recurrence was collected. There was a female predilection, and the female-to-male ratio was 2.38:1. The mean age of the patients was 27 years. A high degree of occurrence was observed in the second decade of life. White patients were most commonly affected (44.7%). The most frequently involved site was the gingiva (83%), with a higher prevalence in the maxilla. The majority of cases were symptomatic and showed bleeding; the lesions were described as nodules (71.9%) with a soft consistency (62.3%) and a red surface (73.2%). The base was pedunculated in 61.1% of cases, and the mean size was 1.3 cm. The recurrence rate was 8.2% of cases. The clinical, demographic, and pathologic features of oral pyogenic granuloma in the Brazilian population in this study were similar to those in studies of populations from other countries. Copyright 2010 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              The detection and comparison of angiogenesis-associated factors in pyogenic granuloma by immunohistochemistry.

              Pyogenic granuloma is a benign inflammatory lesion demonstrating obvious activity of angiogenesis. Female steroid hormones are believed to play important roles in the etiology because the lesion is frequently found in females with high levels of sex hormones. Few molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis have been proposed and proven. The purpose of this study was to detect and compare the expression of angiogenesis-associated factors among healthy gingiva, gingiva from periodontitis, and pyogenic granuloma to clarify the pathogenesis of pyogenic granuloma. Fifteen specimens were collected from each of 3 groups of gingiva (healthy gingiva, periodontitis, and pyogenic granuloma). The subjects were age and gender matched. The specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry to detect and compare the expression of 2 angiogenesis enhancers, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 2 angiogenesis inhibitors, i.e., angiostatin and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and estrogen receptor (ER). Using the subject as the unit of statistical analysis, either analysis of variance or chi-square analysis was employed to show the statistically significant difference at a level P <0.05. The pyogenic granuloma group expressed significantly more VEGF and bFGF than healthy gingiva and periodontitis. The positive staining of VEGF was mostly localized in the cytoplasm of macrophages and fibroblasts while that of bFGF was in the extracellular matrix of lamina propria. Angiostatin was expressed significantly less in pyogenic granuloma than the other 2 groups and was mostly localized in the nuclei of endothelial cells and epithelial cells. There was no significant difference in the expression of TSP-1 and ER among the 3 groups. The results of this research suggest that the etiology of pyogenic granuloma is due to the imbalance between angiogenesis enhancers and inhibitors. Whether and how the angiogenesis-associated factors are regulated by female steroid hormones remain to be answered.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                The Journal of Laryngology & Otology
                J. Laryngol. Otol.
                Cambridge University Press (CUP)
                0022-2151
                1748-5460
                June 2015
                June 15 2015
                June 2015
                : 129
                : 6
                : 607-610
                Article
                10.1017/S0022215115001176
                6fb1c216-78b4-4b40-9a52-fa440a764361
                © 2015

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