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      Changing the Prognosis of Metastatic Cervix Uteri Adenosquamous Carcinoma through a Multimodal Approach: A Case Report

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          Abstract

          Adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma (AS) are 2 rare histological types of cervix uteri cancer constituting almost 20% of all cervix cancers, leading to a lack in patient management guidelines. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman with an oligometastatic cervix AS for which a multimodal treatment approach was used. Despite the patient's bad prognosis, a complete response was achieved, which further resulted in excellent local control and prolonged survival. This case report serves the purpose of encouraging multidisciplinary team work and out-of-the-box thinking that should result in an individualized treatment for rare cancer subtypes.

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          Most cited references31

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          Randomised study of radical surgery versus radiotherapy for stage Ib-IIa cervical cancer.

          Stage Ib and IIa cervical carcinoma can be cured by radical surgery or radiotherapy. These two procedures are equally effective, but differ in associated morbidity and type of complications. In this prospective randomised trial of radiotherapy versus surgery, our aim was to assess the 5-year survival and the rate and pattern of complications and recurrences associated with each treatment. Between September, 1986, and December, 1991, 469 women with newly diagnosed stage Ib and IIa cervical carcinoma were referred to our institute. 343 eligible patients were randomised: 172 to surgery and 171 to radical radiotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered after surgery for women with surgical stage pT2b or greater, less than 3 mm of safe cervical stroma, cut-through, or positive nodes. The primary outcome measures were 5-year survival and the rate of complications. The analysis of survival and recurrence was by intention to treat and analysis of complications was by treatment delivered. 170 patients in the surgery group and 167 in the radiotherapy group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis; scheduled treatment was delivered to 169 and 158 women, respectively, 62 of 114 women with cervical diameters of 4 cm or smaller and 46 of 55 with diameters larger than 4 cm received adjuvant therapy. After a median follow-up of 87 (range 57-120) months, 5-year overall and disease-free survival were identical in the surgery and radiotherapy groups (83% and 74%, respectively, for both groups), 86 women developed recurrent disease: 42 (25%) in the surgery group and 44 (26%) in the radiotherapy group. Significant factors for survival in univariate and multivariate analyses were: cervical diameter, positive lymphangiography, and adeno-carcinomatous histotype. 48 (28%) surgery-group patients had severe morbidity compared with 19 (12%) radiotherapy-group patients (p = 0.0004). There is no treatment of choice for early-stage cervical carcinoma in terms of overall or disease-free survival. The combination of surgery and radiotherapy has the worst morbidity, especially urological complications. The optimum therapy for each patient should take account of clinical factors such as menopausal status, age, medical illness, histological type, and cervical diameter to yield the best cure with minimum complications.
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            Advances in diagnosis and treatment of metastatic cervical cancer

            Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. The outcome of patients with metastatic cervical cancer is poor. We reviewed the relevant literature concerning the treatment and diagnosis of metastatic cervical cancer. There are two types of metastasis related to different treatments and survival rates: hematogenous metastasis and lymphatic metastasis. Patients with hematogenous metastasis have a higher risk of death than those with lymphatic metastasis. In terms of diagnosis, fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and PET-computed tomography are effective tools for the evaluation of distant metastasis. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy and subsequent chemotherapy are well-tolerated and efficient for lymphatic metastasis. As for lung metastasis, chemotherapy and/or surgery are valuable treatments for resistant, recurrent metastatic cervical cancer and chemoradiotherapy may be the optimal choice for stage IVB cervical cancer. Chemotherapy and bone irradiation are promising for bone metastasis. A better survival is achieved with multimodal therapy. Craniotomy or stereotactic radiosurgery is an optimal choice combined with radiotherapy for solitary brain metastases. Chemotherapy and palliative brain radiation may be considered for multiple brain metastases and other organ metastases.
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              A phase III randomized trial of postoperative pelvic irradiation in Stage IB cervical carcinoma with poor prognostic features: follow-up of a gynecologic oncology group study.

              To investigate, in a phase III randomized trial, whether postoperative external-beam irradiation to the standard pelvic field improves the recurrence-free interval and overall survival (OS) in women with Stage IB cervical cancers with negative lymph nodes and certain poor prognostic features treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Eligible patients had Stage IB cervical cancer with negative lymph nodes but with 2 or more of the following features: more than one third (deep) stromal invasion, capillary lymphatic space involvement, and tumor diameter of 4 cm or more. The study group included 277 patients: 137 randomized to pelvic irradiation (RT) and 140 randomized to observation (OBS). The planned pelvic dose was from 46 Gy in 23 fractions to 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. Of the 67 recurrences, 24 were in the RT arm and 43 were in the OBS arm. The RT arm showed a statistically significant (46%) reduction in risk of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54, 90% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35 to 0.81, p = 0.007) and a statistically significant reduction in risk of progression or death (HR = 0.58, 90% CI = 0.40 to 0.85, p = 0.009). With RT, 8.8% of patients (3 of 34) with adenosquamous or adenocarcinoma tumors recurred vs. 44.0% (11 of 25) in OBS. Fewer recurrences were seen with RT in patients with adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous histologies relative to others (HR for RT by histology interaction = 0.23, 90% CI = 0.07 to 0.74, p = 0.019). After an extensive follow-up period, 67 deaths have occurred: 27 RT patients and 40 OBS patients. The improvement in overall survival (HR = 0.70, 90% CI = 0.45 to 1.05, p = 0.074) with RT did not reach statistical significance. Pelvic radiotherapy after radical surgery significantly reduces the risk of recurrence and prolongs progression-free survival in women with Stage IB cervical cancer. RT appears to be particularly beneficial for patients with adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous histologies. Circumstances that may have influenced the overall survival differences are considered.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Case Rep Oncol
                Case Rep Oncol
                CRO
                Case Reports in Oncology
                S. Karger AG (Allschwilerstrasse 10, P.O. Box · Postfach · Case postale, CH–4009, Basel, Switzerland · Schweiz · Suisse, Phone: +41 61 306 11 11, Fax: +41 61 306 12 34, karger@karger.com )
                1662-6575
                Sep-Dec 2020
                23 December 2020
                23 December 2020
                : 13
                : 3
                : 1545-1551
                Affiliations
                [1] a8th Department (Radiology, Oncology, Hematology), “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
                [2] b10th Department (General Surgery), “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
                Author notes
                *Dragos Eugen Georgescu, 10th Department (General Surgery), “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ion Movila St. No. 5–7, RO–030167 Bucharest (Romania), gfdragos@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                cro-0013-1545
                10.1159/000511564
                7841737
                6f66ae08-557b-4565-924d-4f8ae73b5b10
                Copyright © 2020 by S. Karger AG, Basel

                This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-4.0 International License (CC BY-NC) (http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission.

                History
                : 8 September 2020
                : 10 September 2020
                : 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 3, References: 27, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Case Report

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                adenocarcinoma,cervical cancer,radiation therapy,chemotherapy,surgery
                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                adenocarcinoma, cervical cancer, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery

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