RESUMEN En este artículo se presenta la observación participante (OP) como la técnica que permite a los antropólogos conocer las prácticas de los agentes sociales y reconstruir los procesos socioculturales que constituyen el centro de las investigaciones etnográficas. Para ello, la OP se enmarca en lo que se ha llamado la mirada antropológica y se compara con otras técnicas como la entrevista, el grupo de discusión o las “autograbaciones”. Finalmente, se proponen algunas pautas dirigidas a que el material etnográfico producido mediante la OP sirva para restituir la complejidad de los procesos socioculturales que se estudian desde la antropología.
ABSTRACT In this article participant observation (PO) is presented as the technique that allows anthropologists to gain insight about the practices of social agents and thus reconstruct the sociocultural processes that are at the center of ethnographic research. To this purpose, PO is framed within what has been called “the anthropological gaze” and is compared to other techniques, such as interviews, discussion groups or self-reports. Finally, I propose some guidelines for using the ethnographic material produced through PO to restore complexity to the sociocultural processes studied by anthropology.
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