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      Exploring local phenological and phenotypic variation of mosses (Bryophyta) in two common Amazonian habitats Translated title: Explorando a variação em características fenológicas e fenotípicas locais de musgos (Bryophyta) entre dois habitats comuns da Amazônia

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Species variation in relation to habitat differences may offer valuable insights into understanding population divergence and speciation itself. In central Amazonia, phenotypic and phenological variation of four bryophytes - Octoblepharum albidum, Octoblepharum pulvinatum, Leucobryum martianum and Pilosium chlorophyllum - were investigated among white-sands and terra-firme plateaus to examine whether habitat differences relate to trait variation. In three of the four species, sexual expression was significantly more restricted temporally in the drier habitat type (white-sands forest) than that observed in more mesic, terra-firme plateau forests. Contrary to global patterns of reproductive behavior for bryophytes, male expression was notably more prevalent than female expression for three of the four species. Furthermore, significant infra-specific phenotypic variation among habitat types associated with multiple measured traits (e.g., total leaf length, apex length, base width) illustrate the evolutionary potential of Amazonian bryophytes in the framework of habitat differentiation. Future priorities should focus on resource allocation dynamics and ecophysiology in a phylogenetic context to better understand the role of habitat differentiation in speciation processes among Amazonian bryophytes.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Variações em espécies, quando associadas às diferenças de habitat, podem oferecer insights valiosos para a compreensão de processos de divergência populacional. Variações fenotípicas e fenológicas de quatro briófitas, Octoblepharum albidum, Octoblepharum pulvinatum, Leucobryum martianum e Pilosium chlorophyllum foram investigadas entre ambientes de areias brancas e platôs de terra firme na Amazônia central, para examinar se a diferenciação de habitat está correlacionada com as características mensuradas. Em três das quatro espécies, a expressão sexual foi significativamente mais restrita temporalmente no tipo de habitat mais seco (floresta de areias brancas) do que a observada nas florestas de terra-firme. Ao contrário dos padrões gerais de expressão sexual para briófitas em todo o mundo, a expressão anteridial foi mais dominante para três das quatro espécies. Ademais, variações fenotípicas infraespecíficas significativas observadas entre os habitats, quando associadas com as múltiplas características mensuradas - por exemplo, comprimento total da folha, comprimento do ápice e largura da base - ilustra o potencial evolutivo das briófitas Amazônicas no contexto de diferenciação de habitat. As prioridades futuras devem se concentrar em estudos acerca da dinâmica de alocação de recursos e ecofisiologia destas plantas em um contexto filogenético, visando entender melhor o papel da diferenciação de habitat nos processos de especiação entre as briófitas amazônicas.

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          Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure

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            Biostatistical Analysis

            Designed for one/two-semester, junior/graduate-level courses in Biostatistics, Biometry, Quantitative Biology, or Statistics, the latest edition of this best-selling biostatistics text is both comprehensive and easy to read. It provides a broad and practical overview of the statistical analysis methods used by researchers to collect, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from biological research data. The Fourth Edition can serve as either an introduction to the discipline for beginning students or a comprehensive procedural reference for today's practitioners.
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              Continental-scale patterns of canopy tree composition and function across Amazonia.

              The world's greatest terrestrial stores of biodiversity and carbon are found in the forests of northern South America, where large-scale biogeographic patterns and processes have recently begun to be described. Seven of the nine countries with territory in the Amazon basin and the Guiana shield have carried out large-scale forest inventories, but such massive data sets have been little exploited by tropical plant ecologists. Although forest inventories often lack the species-level identifications favoured by tropical plant ecologists, their consistency of measurement and vast spatial coverage make them ideally suited for numerical analyses at large scales, and a valuable resource to describe the still poorly understood spatial variation of biomass, diversity, community composition and forest functioning across the South American tropics. Here we show, by using the seven forest inventories complemented with trait and inventory data collected elsewhere, two dominant gradients in tree composition and function across the Amazon, one paralleling a major gradient in soil fertility and the other paralleling a gradient in dry season length. The data set also indicates that the dominance of Fabaceae in the Guiana shield is not necessarily the result of root adaptations to poor soils (nodulation or ectomycorrhizal associations) but perhaps also the result of their remarkably high seed mass there as a potential adaptation to low rates of disturbance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aa
                Acta Amazonica
                Acta Amaz.
                Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Manaus, AM, Brazil )
                0044-5967
                1809-4392
                2025
                : 55
                : e55bc24288
                Affiliations
                [1] Manaus Amazonas orgnameInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Brazil
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4243-9794
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-9782
                Article
                S0044-59672025000101103 S0044-5967(25)05500001103
                10.1590/1809-4392202402883
                6f2d45df-8c68-4485-b9ab-a82b23940264

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 August 2024
                : 04 February 2025
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 62, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Biodiversity and Conservation - Original Article

                adaptation,bryophytes,habitat heterogeneity,morphometry,speciation,adaptação,briófitas,heterogeneidade de habitat,morfometria,especiação

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