For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
3
views
20
references
 Top references
cited by
5
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      162
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Favorable effects of skeletal muscle on bone are distinguished according to gender and skeletal sites

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Objectives

          The aim of this study was to investigate associations between skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density according to gender and skeletal sites.

          Methods

          Using the data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) 2009, a total of 711 males and 847 females over 65 years of age were evaluated. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

          Results

          Relative appendicular skeletal muscle (RASM) was positively related with the femur BMD with a stronger relationship in males (r = 0.207, p < 0.001) than in females (r = 0.095, p < 0.05). However, lumbar spine BMDs in both males and females did not show any significant associations with the RASM value. In the logistic regression for osteoporosis expressed as a decrease of risk per increase of RASM by 1 standard deviation (SD) of the same sex healthy reference group, the age- and BMI-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for osteoporosis was 0.42 (95% CI 0.12–0.76) in the femur neck and 0.24 (95% CI 0.07–0.76) in the total hip for males. Among females, the age- and BMI-adjusted OR for osteoporosis was 0.65 (95% CI 0.33–1.00), which showed importance only in the total hip.

          Conclusions

          Higher RASM was significantly associated with lower risk for osteoporosis and the areas at the femur neck and total hip appeared to more likely be affected positively by muscle. Moreover, because males showed faster muscle loss with aging than females, the bones of males may be more prone to favorable effects of muscle.

          Related collections

          Most cited references20

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Bone "mass" and the "mechanostat": a proposal.

          H. Frost (1987)
          The observed fit of bone mass to a healthy animal's typical mechanical usage indicates some mechanism or mechanisms monitor that usage and control the three longitudinal growth, bone modeling, and BMU-based remodeling activities that directly determine bone mass. That mechanism could be named a mechanostat. Accumulated evidence suggests it includes the bone itself, plus mechanisms that transform its mechanical usage into appropriate signals, plus other mechanisms that detect those signals and then direct the above three biologic activities. In vivo studies have shown that bone strains in or above the 1500-3000 microstrain range cause bone modelling to increase cortical bone mass, while strains below the 100-300 microstrain range release BMU-based remodeling which then removes existing cortical-endosteal and trabecular bone. That arrangement provides a dual system in which bone modeling would adapt bone mass to gross overloading, while BMU-based remodeling would adapt bone mass to gross underloading, and the above strain ranges would be the approximate "setpoints" of those responses. The anatomical distribution of those mechanical usage effects are well known. If circulating agents or disease changed the effective setpoints of those responses their bone mass effects should copy the anatomical distribution of the mechanical usage effects. That seems to be the case for many agents and diseases, and several examples are discussed, including postmenopausal osteoporosis, fluoride effects, bone loss in orbit, and osteogenesis imperfecta. The mechanostat proposal is a seminal idea which fits diverse evidence but it requires critique and experimental study.
          Article 0 comments Cited 325 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability.

            Ian Janssen, Robert Ross, Steven B Heymsfield (2002)
            To establish the prevalence of sarcopenia in older Americans and to test the hypothesis that sarcopenia is related to functional impairment and physical disability in older persons. Cross-sectional survey. Nationally representative cross-sectional survey using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Fourteen thousand eight hundred eighteen adult NHANES III participants aged 18 and older. The presence of sarcopenia and the relationship between sarcopenia and functional impairment and disability were examined in 4,504 adults aged 60 and older. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated from bioimpedance analysis measurements and expressed as skeletal muscle mass index (SMI = skeletal muscle mass/body mass x 100). Subjects were considered to have a normal SMI if their SMI was greater than -one standard deviation above the sex-specific mean for young adults (aged 18-39). Class I sarcopenia was considered present in subjects whose SMI was within -one to -two standard deviations of young adult values, and class II sarcopenia was present in subjects whose SMI was below -two standard deviations of young adult values. The prevalence of class I and class II sarcopenia increased from the third to sixth decades but remained relatively constant thereafter. The prevalence of class I (59% vs 45%) and class II (10% vs 7%) sarcopenia was greater in the older (> or = 60 years) women than in the older men (P <.001). The likelihood of functional impairment and disability was approximately two times greater in the older men and three times greater in the older women with class II sarcopenia than in the older men and women with a normal SMI, respectively. Some of the associations between class II sarcopenia and functional impairment remained significant after adjustment for age, race, body mass index, health behaviors, and comorbidity. Reduced relative skeletal muscle mass in older Americans is a common occurrence that is significantly and independently associated with functional impairment and disability, particularly in older women. These observations provide strong support for the prevailing view that sarcopenia may be an important and potentially reversible cause of morbidity and mortality in older persons.
            Article 0 comments Cited 306 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: measurement by dual-photon absorptiometry.

              S Heymsfield, R. Smith, M Aulet … (1990)
              Dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) allows separation of body mass into bone mineral, fat, and fat-free soft tissue. This report evaluates the potential of DPA to isolate appendages of human subjects and to quantify extremity skeletal muscle mass (limb fat-free soft tissue). The method was evaluated in 34 healthy adults who underwent DPA study, anthropometry of the limbs, and estimation of whole-body skeletal muscle by models based on total body potassium (TBK) and nitrogen (TBN) and on fat-free body mass (FFM). DPA appendicular skeletal muscle (22.0 +/- 3.1 kg, mean +/- SD) represented 38.7% of FFM, with similar proportions in males and females. There were strong correlations (all p less than 0.001) between limb muscle mass estimated by DPA and anthropometric limb muscle areas (r = 0.82-0.92), TBK (r = 0.94), and total-body muscle mass based on TBK-FFM (r = 0.82) and TBK-TBN (r = 0.82) models. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass estimated by DPA is thus a potentially practical and accurate method of quantifying human skeletal muscle mass in vivo.
              Article 0 comments Cited 194 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Chang-Oh Kim
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Osteoporos Sarcopenia
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Osteoporos Sarcopenia
                Title: Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia
                Publisher: Korean Society of Osteoporosis
                ISSN (Print): 2405-5255
                ISSN (Electronic): 2405-5263
                Publication date PMC-release: 07 December 2016
                Publication date (Print): March 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 07 December 2016
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 32-36
                Affiliations
                [a ]Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, South Korea
                [b ]Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
                [c ]Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. cokim@ 123456yuhs.ac
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2405-5255(16)30088-7
                DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2016.11.001
                PMC ID: 6372766
                PubMed ID: 30775500
                SO-VID: 6f08b2b7-324b-4f25-aa53-023823d58637
                Copyright © © 2017 The Korean Society of Osteoporosis. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 4 October 2016
                Date revision received : 31 October 2016
                Date accepted : 8 November 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: aging,sarcopenia,osteoporosis,body composition
                Data availability:
                Keywords: aging, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, body composition

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content162

                See all similar

                Cited by5

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors515

                See all reference authors