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      Genetic correlations between first parity and accumulated second to last parity reproduction traits as selection aids to improve sow lifetime productivity

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          Abstract

          Objective

          The objective of this research was to estimate genetic correlations between number of piglets born alive in the first parity (NBA1), litter birth weight in the first parity (LTBW1), number of piglets weaned in the first parity (NPW1), litter weaning weight in the first parity (LTWW1), number of piglets born alive from second to last parity (NBA2+), litter birth weight from second to last parity (LTBW2+), number of piglets weaned from second to last parity (NPW2+) and litter weaning weight from second to last parity (LTWW2+), and to identify the percentages of animals (the top 10%, 25%, and 50%) for first parity and sums of second and later parity traits.

          Methods

          The 9,830 records consisted of 2,124 Landrace (L), 724 Yorkshire (Y), 2,650 LY, and 4,332 YL that had their first farrowing between July 1989 and December 2013. The 8-trait animal model included the fixed effects of first farrowing year-season, additive genetic group, heterosis of the sow and the litter, age at first farrowing, and days to weaning (NPW1, LTWW1, NPW2+, and LTWW2+). Random effects were animal and residual.

          Results

          Heritability estimates ranged from 0.08±0.02 (NBA1 and NPW1) to 0.29±0.02 (NPW2+). Genetic correlations between reproduction traits in the first parity and from second to last parity ranged from 0.17±0.08 (LTBW1 and LTBW2+) to 0.67±0.06 (LTWW1 and LTWW2+). Phenotypic correlations between reproduction traits in the first parity and from second to last parity were close to zero. Rank correlations between LTWW1 and LTWW2+ estimated breeding value tended to be higher than for other pairs of traits across all replacement percentages.

          Conclusion

          These rank correlations indicated that selecting boars and sows using genetic predictions for first parity reproduction traits would help improve reproduction traits in the second and later parities as well as lifetime productivity in this swine population.

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          Whole-genome association analyses for lifetime reproductive traits in the pig.

          Suneel Onteru, B. Fan, M Rothschild … (2011)
          Profits for commercial pork producers vary in part because of sow productivity or sow productive life (SPL) and replacement costs. During the last decade, culling rates of sows have increased to more than 50% in the United States. Both SPL and culling rates are influenced by genetic and nongenetic factors. A whole-genome association study was conducted for pig lifetime reproductive traits, including lifetime total number born (LTNB), lifetime number born alive (LNBA), removal parity, and the ratio between lifetime nonproductive days and herd life. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by markers was 0.15 for LTNB and LNBA, 0.12 for removal parity, and 0.06 for the ratio between lifetime nonproductive days and herd life. Several informative QTL regions (e.g., 14 QTL regions for LTNB) and genes within the regions (e.g., SLC22A18 on SSC2 for LTNB) were associated with lifetime reproductive traits in this study. Genes associated with LTNB and LNBA were similar, reflecting the high genetic correlation (0.99 ± 0.003) between these traits. Functional annotation revealed that many genes at the associated regions are expressed in reproductive tissues. For instance, the SLC22A18 gene on SSC2 associated with LTNB has been shown to be expressed in the placenta of mice. Many of the QTL regions showing associations coincided with previously identified QTL for fat deposition. This reinforces the role of fat regulation for lifetime reproductive traits. Overall, this whole-genome association study provides a list of genomic locations and markers associated with pig lifetime reproductive traits that could be considered for SPL in future studies.
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            Effect of birth litter size, birth parity number, growth rate, backfat thickness and age at first mating of gilts on their reproductive performance as sows.

            P Tummaruk, N Lundeheim, S Einarsson … (2001)
            The present study was performed to evaluate retrospectively the influence of birth litter size, birth parity number, performance test parameters (growth rate from birth to 100kg body weight and backfat thickness at 100kg body weight) and age at first mating (AFM) of gilts on their reproductive performance as sows. Traits analysed included remating rate in gilts (RRG), litter size, weaning-to-first-service interval (WSI), remating rate in sows and farrowing rate (FR). Data were collected from 11 Swedish Landrace (L) and 8 Swedish Yorkshire (Y) nucleus herds and included 20712 farrowing records from sow parities 1-5. Sows that farrowed for the first time during 1993-1997, having complete records of performance test and AFM, were followed up to investigate their subsequent reproductive performance until their last farrowing in 1999. Analysis of variance and multiple regression were applied to continuous data. Logistic regression was applied to categorical data. The analyses were based on the same animals and the records were split into six groups of females, i.e. gilts, primiparous sows, and sows in parities 2-5, respectively. Each additional piglet in the litter in which the gilt was born was associated with an increase of her own litter size of between 0.07 and 0.1 piglets per litter (P<0.001). Gilts born from sow parity 1 had a longer WSI as primiparous sows compared with gilts born from sow parity 4 (0.3 days; P<0.05) or parity 5 (0.4 days; P<0.01). Gilts with a higher growth rate of up to 100kg body weight had a larger litter size (all parities 1-5; P<0.05), shorter WSI (all parities 1-5; P<0.05) and higher FR (parities 2 and 5; P<0.05) than gilts with a lower growth rate. Gilts with a high backfat thickness at 100kg body weight had a shorter WSI as primiparous sows (P<0.001) compared with low backfat gilts, and 0.1 piglets per litter more as second parity sows (P<0.01). A 10 day increase in AFM resulted in an increase in litter size of about 0.1 piglet for primiparous sows (P<0.001) and a decrease (P<0.05) for sow parities 4 and 5.
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              Estimation of genetic parameters for litter size in Canadian Yorkshire and Landrace swine with each parity of farrowing treated as a different trait.

              R Roehe, Stephen Kennedy (1995)
              Genetic variances and covariances for the number of pigs born in total (NOBT), the number of pigs born alive (NOBA), and the number of weaned pigs (NOW) were estimated by REML under an animal model. Data on 30,357 and 42,041 litters born between 1977 and 1992 from Yorkshire and Landrace sows, respectively, were obtained from the Quebec Record of Performance sow productivity program. Data of the first four parities of litter size were used for four different analyses under an animal model: univariate analyses with direct genetic effects only, univariate analyses with maternal and direct genetic effects , seri0s of bivariate analyses with each parity treated as a different trait, and a series of bivariate analyses between NOBT, NOBA, and NOW within each parity. Heritabilities of different parities from univariate analyses under a direct genetic effects model ranged from .10 to .15, .09 to .14, and .06 to .08 for NOBT, NOBA, and NOW, respectively. Estimates of direct heritability from bivariate analyses between parties were consistent with estimates from univariate analyses in Landrace but not in Yorkshire. Genetic correlations between first and secondary parity in Yorkshire were .59, .49, and .17 for NOBT, NOBA, and NOW, and in Landrace were .90, .93, and .81, respectively. Influence of maternal effects on moderate correlations between first and secondary parity in Yorkshire was suggested. Genetic correlations averaged over all parities between NOBA and NOBT or NOW were .97 and .65 in Yorkshire and .97 and .82 in Landrace. A multiple-trait animal model with parities treated as different traits was recommended.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Asian-Australas J Anim Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Asian-australas. J. Anim. Sci
                Title: Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
                Publisher: Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (AAAP) and Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology (KSAST)
                ISSN (Print): 1011-2367
                ISSN (Electronic): 1976-5517
                Publication date (Print): March 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 June 2016
                Volume: 30
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 320-327
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
                [2 ]Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding Author: Skorn Koonawootrittriron, Tel: +66-25791120, Fax: +66-2-5791120, E-mail: agrskk@ 123456ku.ac.th
                Article
                Publisher ID: ajas-30-3-320
                DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0190
                PMC ID: 5337910
                PubMed ID: 27282973
                SO-VID: 6ecfa0a1-b76a-4833-8fe8-a63bf75921bf
                Copyright © Copyright © 2017 by Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 7 March 2016
                Date revision received : 18 April 2016
                Date accepted : 25 May 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Subject: Animal Breeding and Genetics

                Keywords: breeding,swine,genetic parameters,reproduction traits,subsequent reproductive performance
                Data availability:
                Keywords: breeding, swine, genetic parameters, reproduction traits, subsequent reproductive performance

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