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      Malformaciones en embriones y neonatos de tortuga golfina (Lepidochelys olivacea) en Nuevo Vallarta, Nayarit, México Translated title: Malformations in embryos and neonates of Olive Ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in Nuevo Vallarta, Nayarit, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Con el propósito de conocer las malformaciones en embriones y neonatos de tortuga golfina (Lepidochelys olivacea) en Nuevo Vallarta, Nayarit, México, se revisaron 100 nidos de dichos animales para registrar el número total de huevos, de embriones y de neonatos con algún tipo de malformación; los datos se analizaron con índices de prevalencia e intensidad y pruebas de Ji cuadrada. En 21 tipos de malformaciones localizadas en siete regiones anatómicas, se registraron tres nuevos tipos: bifurcación de aletas anteriores, biamelia anterior y rinodimo. La región corporal con mayor frecuencia de malformaciones fue el caparazón (41.7%), seguida por las mandíbulas y las malformaciones generales (17.6% cada una). El tipo de malformación más frecuente fue el caparazón comprimido (26.9%), seguido de albinismo (14.8%) y quifosis (13.2%). La prevalencia (50% de los nidos y 1.8% de los organismos) y la intensidad (2.78 malformaciones/nido y 1.57 malformaciones/organismo) resultaron medianamente altas, en comparación con estudios previos. Las tortugas marinas de Bahía de Banderas pueden estar expuestas a contaminantes antropogénicos, pero aún falta hacer estudios a largo plazo para corroborar esta posible relación.

          Translated abstract

          With the aim to know the types of malformations in Olive Ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) embryos and neonates, and determine their prevalence and intensity indexes and %² in Nuevo Vallarta Nayarit, 100 nests were surveyed. From each nest, the total number of eggs and the number of embryos and neonates with any kind of abnormalities were registered. In 21 types of malformations located on seven anatomical regions, three new types were registered: anterior flippers amelia, bifurcated anterior flippers and rinodimo. The carapace presented significantly higher frequency of abnormalities (41.7%), followed by mandibles and general malformations (17.6% each one). The most frecuent type of malformation was the compressed carapace (26.9%), followed by albinism (14.8%) and xiphosis (13.2%). Prevalence (50% on nests and 1.8% on the organisms) and intensity (2.78 malformed organisms per nest and 1.57 malformations per organism) were high medium, compared to previous studies. Sea turtles from Bahía de Banderas may be exposed to anthropogenic contaminants, but is necessary to do long term studies to corroborate this possible relationship.

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          Hatching Success and Nest Predation in the Green Sea Turtle, Chelonia Mydas, at Tortuguero, Costa Rica

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            Physiological and Ecological Aspects of Gas Exchange by Sea Turtle Eggs

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              Relationship of Blood Mercury Levels to Health Parameters in the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

              Background Mercury is a pervasive environmental pollutant whose toxic effects have not been studied in sea turtles in spite of their threatened status and evidence of immunosuppression in diseased populations. Objectives In the present study we investigate mercury toxicity in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) by examining trends between blood mercury concentrations and various health parameters. Methods Blood was collected from free-ranging turtles, and correlations between blood mercury concentrations and plasma chemistries, complete blood counts, lysozyme, and lymphocyte proliferation were examined. Lymphocytes were also harvested from free-ranging turtles and exposed in vitro to methylmercury to assess proliferative responses. Results Blood mercury concentrations were positively correlated with hematocrit and creatine phosphokinase activity, and negatively correlated with lymphocyte cell counts and aspartate amino-transferase. Ex vivo negative correlations between blood mercury concentrations and B-cell proliferation were observed in 2001 and 2003 under optimal assay conditions. In vitro exposure of peripheral blood leukocytes to methylmercury resulted in suppression of proliferative responses for B cells (0.1 μg/g and 0.35 μg/g) and T cells (0.7 μg/g). Conclusions The positive correlation between blood mercury concentration and hematocrit reflects the higher affinity of mercury species for erythrocytes than plasma, and demonstrates the importance of measuring hematocrit when analyzing whole blood for mercury. In vitro immunosuppression occurred at methylmercury concentrations that correspond to approximately 5% of the individuals captured in the wild. This observation and the negative correlation found ex vivo between mercury and lymphocyte numbers and mercury and B-cell proliferative responses suggests that subtle negative impacts of mercury on sea turtle immune function are possible at concentrations observed in the wild.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                vetmex
                Veterinaria México
                Vet. Méx
                Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM (México )
                0301-5092
                December 2009
                : 40
                : 4
                : 371-380
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Tecnológico de Bahía de Banderas Mexico
                Article
                S0301-50922009000400003
                6e5bb4be-29bf-4677-8493-0148445d53bf

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Categories
                Veterinary Sciences

                General veterinary medicine
                Olive Ridley Sea Turtle,Malformations,Embryos,Neonates,Prevalence,Intensity,Nuevo Vallarta,Nayarit,Mexico,Tortuga Golfina,Malformaciones,Embriones,Neonatos,Preavalencia,Intensidad,México

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