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      Modificaciones de conductas alimentarias, hábitos alimentarios y apetito en lactantes con desnutrición Translated title: Changes in eating behavior, habits and appetite of infants with malnutrition

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          Abstract

          Prácticas de alimentación inadecuadas que impidan al niño obtener la calidad y cantidad de alimentos requeridos, pueden propiciar la aparición de desnutrición en los mismos. Este estudio relacionó las conductas y hábitos alimentarios con el apetito en 97 niños menores de dos años con desnutrición primaria que recibieron atención nutricional ambulatoria en el Centro de Atención Nutricional Infantil Antímano durante el período 2000 - 2010. Para ello, se describió la variable apetito y las correspondientes a las categorías conductas alimentarias y hábitos alimentarios, reportadas en historias dietéticas al ingreso y a 3±2 meses de iniciado el tratamiento nutricional de los niños, aplicándose pruebas estadísticas para determinar cambio y asociación entre dichas variables (test de McNemar, Chi-cuadrado y Fisher). Inicialmente, más de la mitad de los niños tenían conductas y hábitos alimentarios inadecuados, algunos asociados significativamente (p-valor <0,050) con el apetito malo o regular (presencia de elementos distractores; horario, lugar y duración de la comida incorrectos; respuesta del cuidador inapropiada; adecuaciones de proteínas, carbohidratos y folato inadecuadas e introducción incorrecta de alimentos complementarios). Luego de 3±2 meses de iniciado el tratamiento nutricional, se observaron cambios significativos (p-valor <0,050) en las conductas alimentarias, el apetito y algunos hábitos alimentarios (adecuación de calcio; frecuencia de consumo de hortalizas, frutas, grasas y misceláneos; tipo de preparaciones; dilución y cantidad de leche completa o fórmula infantil y número de comidas principales diarias). En conclusión, el tratamiento nutricional en niños con desnutrición primaria, modifica conductas y hábitos alimentarios inadecuados asociados con su apetito regular o malo.

          Translated abstract

          TInadequate feeding practices that restrict the child to obtain the required quality and quantity of food, can promote the occurrence of malnutrition in them. This study related behaviors and eating habits with appetite in 97 children under two years with primary malnutrition receiving outpatient nutritional care in the Centro de Atención Nutricional Infantil Antímano during the period 2000 - 2010. In order to achieve this, the following variables were described: appetite and those into the categories of eating behaviors and eating habits, which were reported in the dietary histories at baseline and at 3±2 months after starting the nutritional treatment of the children. Statistical tests were applied to assess changes and the relationship between such variables (McNemar´s, Chi-squared, and Fisher tests). Initially, more than half of the children had inadequate dietary behaviors and habits, some of them had significant association (p-value <0.050) with the poor or fair appetite (presence of distracting elements; incorrect meal schedule, place and duration; improper caregiver response; inadequate protein, carbohydrate, and folate adequacies and the incorrect introduction of complementary foods). After 3±2 months, significant changes (p-value <0.050) were observed in eating behavior, appetite and some eating habits (calcium adequacy; vegetables, fruit, fat, and miscellaneous consumption frequency; types of preparations; dilution and amount of whole milk or formula and number of main meals per day). In conclusion, the nutritional treatment in children with primary malnutrition changes inadequate eating behaviors and habits associated with their poor or fair appetite.

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          Most cited references32

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          Anthropometric standards for the assessment of growth and nutritional status

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            Medición del cambio del estado nutricional: directrices para evaluar el efecto nutricional de programas de alimentación suplementaria destinados a grupos vulnerables

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              Failure to thrive in a population context: two contrasting studies of feeding and nutritional status.

              Although failure to thrive (FTT) is generally thought to be a nutritional problem, dietary intake in children with FTT has been little researched. We describe two community-based studies of dietary intake and eating behaviour in FTT. The first study of ninety-seven children with FTT identified by population screening found that only a minority of case children were associated with neglect, organic illness or deprivation, even though dietary information suggested an underlying nutritional cause in the majority. Limited case-control data suggested significantly delayed weaning and less liking for food in general among the case children. The second study found diminished appetite, delayed progression onto solid foods and fewer foods eaten by forty-four children referred with FTT compared with forty-five controls, but was unable to detect a significant difference in energy intake, even allowing for varying body composition and other confounding variables. This study also revealed the bias introduced by recruiting case children by referral rather than screening, and that despite rigorous matching procedures the controls were not representative of the general population. These studies suggest a wide range of differences in eating behaviour and feeding patterns between children with FTT and controls, but suggest that measurements of nutrient totals may not be robust. Studies of FTT based on referred children can be misleading, as can comparison with controls, unless allowance can be made for important confounding social variables.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                avn
                Anales Venezolanos de Nutrición
                An Venez Nutr
                Fundación Bengoa
                0798-0752
                December 2014
                : 27
                : 2
                : 242-251
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud Venezuela
                [2 ] Centro de Atención Nutricional Infantil Antímano (CANIA) Venezuela
                Article
                S0798-07522014000200004
                6dea98ea-3208-41b6-b290-9c86415ca078

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0798-0752&lng=en
                Categories
                NUTRITION & DIETETICS

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                Feeding behavior,feeding habit,appetite,infant,malnutrition,Conducta alimentaria,hábito alimentario,apetito,lactante,desnutrición

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