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      Feeding Pattern, Circadian Rhythm, and Immune Function: What do we know about?

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          Abstract

          Abstract:

          Feeding pattern is related to health status or chronic diseases, and this depends on the individual’s eating habits. Feeding organized with the right time to start and end during the day, promotes an internal biological rhythm, favoring molecular synchronization of the clock genes, which impose an effect on metabolism and immune cells, creating a physiological response related to a healthy profile. On the other hand, a feeding pattern disorganized, without the right time to start and end eating during the day, might lead to nonsynchronization of the clock genes, a disruption condition, which is related to chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes type 2. A strategy that should be adopted to favor molecular synchronization is time-restricted eating (TRE), which can organize the initial and end of the eating patterns during the day. Our review points out some cues that suggest TRE as an efficient strategy for healthy profile and can be a good intervention for the treatment of chronic diseases.

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          Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain.

          Lulu Xie, Hongyi Kang, Qiwu Xu … (2013)
          The conservation of sleep across all animal species suggests that sleep serves a vital function. We here report that sleep has a critical function in ensuring metabolic homeostasis. Using real-time assessments of tetramethylammonium diffusion and two-photon imaging in live mice, we show that natural sleep or anesthesia are associated with a 60% increase in the interstitial space, resulting in a striking increase in convective exchange of cerebrospinal fluid with interstitial fluid. In turn, convective fluxes of interstitial fluid increased the rate of β-amyloid clearance during sleep. Thus, the restorative function of sleep may be a consequence of the enhanced removal of potentially neurotoxic waste products that accumulate in the awake central nervous system.
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            The orphan nuclear receptor REV-ERBalpha controls circadian transcription within the positive limb of the mammalian circadian oscillator.

            Nicolas Preitner, Francesca Damiola, Luis-Lopez-Molina … (2002)
            Mammalian circadian rhythms are generated by a feedback loop in which BMAL1 and CLOCK, players of the positive limb, activate transcription of the cryptochrome and period genes, components of the negative limb. Bmal1 and Per transcription cycles display nearly opposite phases and are thus governed by different mechanisms. Here, we identify the orphan nuclear receptor REV-ERBalpha as the major regulator of cyclic Bmal1 transcription. Circadian Rev-erbalpha expression is controlled by components of the general feedback loop. Thus, REV-ERBalpha constitutes a molecular link through which components of the negative limb drive antiphasic expression of components of the positive limb. While REV-ERBalpha influences the period length and affects the phase-shifting properties of the clock, it is not required for circadian rhythm generation.
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              The Glymphatic System: A Beginner's Guide.

              Nadia Jessen, Anne Sofie Finmann Munk, Iben Lundgaard … (2015)
              The glymphatic system is a recently discovered macroscopic waste clearance system that utilizes a unique system of perivascular tunnels, formed by astroglial cells, to promote efficient elimination of soluble proteins and metabolites from the central nervous system. Besides waste elimination, the glymphatic system also facilitates  brain-wide distribution of several compounds, including glucose, lipids, amino acids, growth factors, and neuromodulators. Intriguingly, the glymphatic system function mainly during sleep and is largely disengaged during wakefulness. The biological need for sleep across all species may therefore reflect that the brain must enter a state of activity that enables elimination of potentially neurotoxic waste products, including β-amyloid. Since the concept of the glymphatic system is relatively new, we will here review its basic structural elements, organization, regulation, and functions. We will also discuss recent studies indicating that glymphatic function is suppressed in various diseases and that failure of glymphatic function in turn might contribute to pathology in neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury and stroke.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Fábio Santos Lira: (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Title: Current Pharmaceutical Design
                Abbreviated Title: CPD
                Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 13816128
                Publication date Created: August 2022
                Publication date (Print): August 2022
                Volume: 28
                Issue: 30
                Pages: 2478-2487
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
                [2 ]Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
                [3 ]Department of Cell Biology and Development, Immunometabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
                [4 ]Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
                [5 ] Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
                Article
                DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220729091451
                SO-VID: 6dd37486-b269-4865-895e-9491722a9400
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