Acceso venoso central por vía yugular media con uso de Seldinger <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Central Venous Access via Middle Approach Using the Seldinger Guidewire </span>

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Abstract

Fundamento: En los últimos tiempos se está realizando con mayor frecuencia el acceso venoso por vía media con la técnica descrita por English, lo que supone menor riesgo de neumotórax y de punción arterial, además de su fácil realización. Objetivo: caracterizar el empleo del acceso venoso central por vía yugular media con uso de Seldinger en pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas y/o tratamiento con anticoagulantes. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, realizado desde enero a diciembre del 2009, en la Unidad Quirúrgica del Hospital de Cienfuegos. Se realizó cateterismo venoso central por vía media con la técnica de English a 47 pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas. Las variables analizadas fueron: número de intentos, indicaciones y complicaciones. Resultados: se obtuvo éxito en 43 accesos venosos centrales (91,48 %), de los cuales 35 se lograron al primer intento. En más de la mitad de los casos, la indicación fue el uso de citostáticos (55,31 %). Se observaron complicaciones en 5 pacientes, siendo la más frecuente la punción arterial (6,38 %). Conclusión: el acceso venoso central por vía media con Seldinger es una opción adecuada para pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas. En pacientes tratados con anticoagulantes minimiza las complicaciones. En general, es de fácil acceso y presenta un alto índice de éxito.

Translated abstract

Background: In recent years, venous access via middle approach with the technique described by English has been frequently used, leading to lower risk of pneumothorax and arterial puncture. In addition, it is easy to perform. Objective: to characterize the performance of central venous access via the middle approach to the internal jugular vein using the Seldinger guidewire in patients with hematologic diseases and/or anticoagulant therapy. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2009 in the Surgical Unit of the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima University General Hospital in Cienfuegos. Central venous access via middle approach using the technique described by English was performed in 47 patients suffering from hematologic diseases. Variables analysed were: number of attempts, indications and complications. Results: 43 central venous catheterizations were successful (91.48 %), 35 of them were achieved in the first attempt. The use of cytostatics was indicated in more than half of the cases (55.31 %). Complications were observed in 5 patients; arterial puncture was the most common (6.38 %). Conclusions: central venous access via the middle approach using the Seldinger guidewire is a suitable option for patients with hematologic diseases. It minimizes complications in patients treated with anticoagulants. In general, it is easily accessible and has a high success rate.

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Most cited references 18

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Ultrasound-assisted cannulation of the internal jugular vein. A prospective comparison to the external landmark-guided technique.

B Uretsky, B G Denys, P S M M Reddy (1993)

Central venous access is an essential part of patient management in many clinical settings and is usually achieved with a blinded, external landmark-guided technique. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether an ultrasound technique can improve on the traditional method. We prospectively evaluated an ultrasound-guided method in 302 patients undergoing internal jugular venous cannulation and compared the results with 302 patients in whom an external landmark-guided technique was used. Ultrasound was used exclusively in an additional 626 patients. Cannulation of the internal jugular vein was achieved in all patients (100%) using ultrasound and in 266 patients (88.1%) using the landmark-guided technique (p < 0.001). The vein was entered on the first attempt in 78% of patients using ultrasound and in 38% using the landmark technique (p < 0.001). Average access time (skin to vein) was 9.8 seconds (2-68 seconds) by the ultrasound approach and 44.5 seconds (2-1,000 seconds) by the landmark approach (p < 0.001). Using ultrasound, puncture of the carotid artery occurred in 1.7% of patients, brachial plexus irritation in 0.4%, and hematoma in 0.2%. In the external landmark group, puncture of the carotid artery occurred in 8.3% of patients (p < 0.001), brachial plexus irritation in 1.7% (p < 0.001), and hematoma in 3.3% (p < 0.001). Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein significantly improves success rate, decreases access time, and reduces complication rate. These results suggest that this technique may be preferred in complicated cases or when access problems are anticipated.