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      Surveillance and Response to Imported Malaria During the COVID-19 Epidemic — Anhui Province, China, 2019–2021

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          Abstract

          What is already known about this topic?

          China was certified malaria-free on June 30, 2021. However, imported malaria continuously threatens the effort to prevent re-establishment of malaria in China.

          What is added by this report?

          Measures such as international travel restrictions, entry quarantine, and screening in fever clinics during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period were associated with a significant decrease of imported malaria cases in Anhui Province, a higher proportion of non- Plasmodium falciparum (non- P. falciparum) malaria reported infections, and a higher proportion of cases requiring medical attention at their initial visit.

          What are the implications for public health practices?

          It is necessary to be vigilant about imported malaria during the COVID-19 epidemic, especially for non- P. falciparum infections which are more difficult to detect, and to promote research, development, and introduction of more sensitive and specific point-of-care detection methods for non- P. falciparum species.

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          Communicating and Monitoring Surveillance and Response Activities for Malaria Elimination: China's “1-3-7” Strategy

          Jun Cao, Hugh Sturrock, Chris Cotter … (2014)
          Qi Gao and colleagues describe China's 1-3-7 strategy for eliminating malaria: reporting of malaria cases within one day, their confirmation and investigation within three days, and the appropriate public health response to prevent further transmission within seven days.
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            Trends of imported malaria in China 2010–2014: analysis of surveillance data

            Sheng Zhou, Zhongjie Li, Chris Cotter … (2016)
            Background To describe the epidemiologic profile and trends of imported malaria, and to identify the populations at risk of malaria in China during 2010–2014. Methods This is a descriptive analysis of laboratory confirmed malaria cases during 2010–2014. Data were obtained from surveillance reports in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP). The distribution of imported malaria cases over the years was analysed with X2 for trend analysis test. All important demographic and epidemiologic variables of imported malaria cases were analysed. Results Malaria incidence in general reduced greatly in China, while the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum increased threefold from 0.08 to 0.21 per 100,000 population during the period 2010–2014. Of a total 17,725 malaria cases reported during the study period, 11,331 (64 %) were imported malaria and included an increasing trend: 292 (6 %), 2103 (63 %), 2151 (84 %), 3881 (96 %), 2904 (97 %), respectively, (X2 = 2110.70, p < 0.01). The majority of malaria cases (imported and autochthonous) were adult (16,540, 93 %), male (15,643, 88 %), and farming as an occupation (11,808, 66 %). Some 3027 (94 %) of imported malaria cases had labour-related travel history during the study period; 90 % (6340/7034) of P. falciparum infections were imported into China from Africa, while 77 % of Plasmodium vivax infections (2440/3183) originated from Asia. Conclusions Malaria elimination in China faces the challenge of imported malaria, especially imported P. falciparum. Malaria prevention activities should target exported labour groups given the increasing number of workers returning from overseas.
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              China declared malaria-free: a milestone in the world malaria eradication and Chinese public health

              Xiao-Nong Zhou (2021)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jianhai Yin
                Weidong Li
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): China CDC Wkly
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CCDCW
                Title: China CDC Weekly
                Publisher: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Beijing, China )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2096-7071
                Publication date (Print): 15 July 2022
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 28
                Pages: 622-625
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
                [2 ] National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: ccdcw-4-28-622
                DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.135
                PMC ID: 9339367
                PubMed ID: 35919477
                SO-VID: 6d18f3d1-afb1-458f-8f0d-3e36fdb2db3c
                Copyright © Copyright and License information: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2022
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 29 March 2022
                Date accepted : 8 July 2022
                Funding
                Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Program of China (No. 2018ZX10101002-002-005)
                Categories
                Subject: Preplanned Studies

                Keywords: malaria,surveillance,response
                Data availability:
                Keywords: malaria, surveillance, response

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