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      Long non-coding RNA LncMPEG1 responds to multiple environmental stressors by affecting biomineralization in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii

      , , , , , , ,
      Frontiers in Marine Science
      Frontiers Media SA

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          Abstract

          Marine environmental change directly affects bivalve growth and survival. Exoskeleton formation, the main energy dissipation in the physiological metabolism, typically reflects the body growth of the bivalve. However, how bivalves regulate the biomineralization of the exoskeleton under environmental stressors is not yet clear. Long non-coding RNA regulates various life processes through complex mechanisms in vertebrates and invertebrates. In this research, we cloned the complete sequence of a mantle-specific expressed long non-coding RNA (designated as LncMPEG1) from a pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that LncMPEG1 expression was significantly high in early umbo larvae and juveniles, which would be the critical periods of shell development. LncMPEG1 was identified in the outer epithelium of the middle fold from the mantle edge, mantle pallial, and mantle center by using in situ hybridization. Additionally, the expression of LncMPEG1 was stimulated by shell damage, alien invasion, heat and cold temperature stress, and hypoxia stress. In the mantle, a decreased in LncMPEG1 expression was detected by RNA interference, which can cause the irregular growth of crystals on the inner surface of the prismatic layer and nacre in the shells. Therefore, we propose that LncMPEG1 could be a key regulator in biomineralization and responds to environmental stress in the mantle .

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          Genome regulation by long noncoding RNAs.

          The central dogma of gene expression is that DNA is transcribed into messenger RNAs, which in turn serve as the template for protein synthesis. The discovery of extensive transcription of large RNA transcripts that do not code for proteins, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), provides an important new perspective on the centrality of RNA in gene regulation. Here, we discuss genome-scale strategies to discover and characterize lncRNAs. An emerging theme from multiple model systems is that lncRNAs form extensive networks of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes with numerous chromatin regulators and then target these enzymatic activities to appropriate locations in the genome. Consistent with this notion, lncRNAs can function as modular scaffolds to specify higher-order organization in RNP complexes and in chromatin states. The importance of these modes of regulation is underscored by the newly recognized roles of long RNAs for proper gene control across all kingdoms of life.
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            Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation by Long Non-coding RNA

            Advances in genomics technology over recent years have led to the surprising discovery that the genome is far more pervasively transcribed than was previously appreciated. Much of the newly-discovered transcriptome appears to represent long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), a heterogeneous group of largely uncharacterised transcripts. Understanding the biological function of these molecules represents a major challenge and in this review we discuss some of the progress made to date. One major theme of lncRNA biology seems to be the existence of a network of interactions with microRNA (miRNA) pathways. lncRNA has been shown to act as both a source and an inhibitory regulator of miRNA. At the transcriptional level, a model is emerging whereby lncRNA bridges DNA and protein by binding to chromatin and serving as a scaffold for modifying protein complexes. Such a mechanism can bridge promoters to enhancers or enhancer-like non-coding genes by regulating chromatin looping, as well as conferring specificity on histone modifying complexes by directing them to specific loci.
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              Long noncoding RNA: an emerging paradigm of cancer research.

              Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of non-protein coding part of human genome in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Among numerous kinds of non-protein coding RNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key regulatory role in cancer biology. LncRNAs are dysregulated in different kinds of cancer and the expression levels of certain lncRNAs are associated with recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis of cancer. It is also proved that overexpression of certain lncRNAs, behaving like oncogenes, can promote matrix invasion of cancer cells and tumor growth. In this review, we focus our attention on lncRNAs those have been validated in human cancer tissues to suggest reasonable strategies for future research. We introduce an update view of lncRNA, extract cancer-related lncRNAs from literature, and describe the known functions and possible underlying molecular mechanisms of some well investigated lncRNAs (MALAT1, HOX antisense intergenic RNA, and highly upregulated in hepatocellular cancer), as well as their current and potential future application in cancer diagnosis (PCA3) and treatment (H19).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Frontiers in Marine Science
                Front. Mar. Sci.
                Frontiers Media SA
                2296-7745
                September 26 2022
                September 26 2022
                : 9
                Article
                10.3389/fmars.2022.1014810
                6c44937a-d05a-4f07-b1fc-af8babff3d15
                © 2022

                Free to read

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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