Resumen Antecedentes: La ateroesclerosis se caracteriza por el depósito de colesterol y endurecimiento del endotelio. El evolocumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal que inhibe la PCSK9 y estabiliza la placa ateromatosa. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del evolocumab en conjunto con estatinas en pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP). Métodos: Estudio observacional de cohorte prospectiva; se incluyeron 303 pacientes con EAP en claudicación con tratamiento de estatinas y evolocumab monoterapia con estatinas durante un periodo de 6 meses, de julio 2021 a julio 2022. Se obtuvieron las mediciones basal y final del estudio de los niveles séricos de LDL, el porcentaje de estenosis arterial mediante ultrasonido doppler, el índice tobillo-brazo y claudicación. Se realizaron pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y de U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: El tratamiento combinado redujo el porcentaje de estenosis arterial en las ramas femorales, tibiales y peroneas (p < 0.05) así como en los niveles de LDL (p < 0.0001) y los pacientes reportaron 50% menos claudicación. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio el tratamiento de evolocumab y estatinas disminuyó la estenosis arterial y la claudicación de pacientes con EAP.
Abstract Background: Atherosclerosis is characterized by the deposition of cholesterol and hardening of the endothelium. Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits PCSK9 and stabilizes the atheromatous plaque. Objective: To evaluate the effect of evolocumab and statins on peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods: A prospective observational cohort study that included 303 patients with PAD in claudication treated with statins and evolocumab and evolocumab, compared to monotherapy with statins, during a period of six months, from July 2021 to July 2022. Baseline and final measurements of serum LDL levels, the percentage of arterial stenosis by arterial Doppler ultrasound, the ankle-brachial index and claudication were obtained. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed. Results: The combined treatment reduced the percentage of arterial stenosis in the femoral, tibial, and peroneal branches (p < 0.05) as well as in LDL levels (p < 0.0001) and reported 50% less claudication. Conclusions: In our study, the treatment with evolocumab and statins decreased arterial stenosis and claudication in patients with PAD.
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