Thermal stabilization effect and oxygen replacement reaction together regulate N/S co-doped microporous carbon synthesis

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Abstract

Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) activation showed great potential to prepare N/S co-doped microporous carbon for environmental remediation, however, predictable preparation for targeted application was a challenge. This study suggested that thermal stabilization effect and oxygen replacement reaction during KSCN activation could together regulate pore formation and N/S co-doping. Results showed that carbonaceous precursor with high thermal stability (expressed by high R ₅₀ index) could support stable carbon matrix for KSCN pore-forming. Meanwhile, carbonaceous precursor with high polarity (expressed by high O/C) was more prone to occur oxygen replacement reaction, promoting N/S co-doping. N/S co-doped microporous carbon with high micropore surface area can promote BPA adsorption via the pore-filling mechanism. However, reaction induced by S contained groups can enhance heavy metal (Pb ²⁺) adsorption while prepared material with S doping. In summary, a carbonaceous precursor with high R ₅₀ index was conducive to preparing carbon material for organic pollutant adsorption, while the carbonaceous precursor with high O/C was suit to fabricate carbon material with high adsorption capacity for Pb ²⁺ immobilization. This study provided important insights into the directional synthesis of optimized N/S doped microporous carbon.

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Sulfur and nitrogen dual-doped mesoporous graphene electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction with synergistically enhanced performance.

Ji A. Liang, Yan Jiao, Mietek Jaroniec … (2012)

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An index-based approach to assessing recalcitrance and soil carbon sequestration potential of engineered black carbons (biochars).

Alan R. Harvey, Nan-Jung Kuo, William Amonette … (2012)

The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the R(50), for assessing biochar quality for carbon sequestration is proposed. The R(50) is based on the relative thermal stability of a given biochar to that of graphite and was developed and evaluated with a variety of biochars (n = 59), and soot-like black carbons. Comparison of R(50), with biochar physicochemical properties and biochar-C mineralization revealed the existence of a quantifiable relationship between R(50) and biochar recalcitrance. As presented here, the R(50) is immediately applicable to pre-land application screening of biochars into Class A (R(50) ≥ 0.70), Class B (0.50 ≤ R(50) < 0.70) or Class C (R(50) < 0.50) recalcitrance/carbon sequestration classes. Class A and Class C biochars would have carbon sequestration potential comparable to soot/graphite and uncharred plant biomass, respectively, whereas Class B biochars would have intermediate carbon sequestration potential. We believe that the coupling of the R(50), to an index-based degradation, and an economic model could provide a suitable framework in which to comprehensively assess soil carbon sequestration in biochars.