Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on PEI‐rGO/AuNWs and Zr‐MOF for Determination of Adenosine Triphosphate via Exonuclease I‐assisted Target Recycling Strategy

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Abstract

In this study, a hierarchically porous Zr‐MOF‐labeled electrochemical biosensor for the detection of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) was constructed using polyethylenimine‐reduced graphene oxide/Gold nanowire nanocomposite (PEI‐rGO/AuNWs) and exonuclease I (Exo I) assisted target recycling strategy. PEI‐rGO/AuNWs nanocomposite not only favor the immobilization of c‐DNA but also facilitate the electron transfer and elevate the electrode surface area. In addition, hierarchically porous Zr‐MOFs (HP‐UiO‐66), high stability and large mesoporous property, could load more signal molecules. In the presence of ATP, ATP aptamer was released from the c‐DNA, thus introducing MB@Zr‐MOF‐s‐DNA onto the electrode surface. Meanwhile, Exo I selectively digested the aptamer which bound with ATP, the released ATP participated new binding with the rest aptamer. Therefore, a significant increase in MB current intensity was observed. Under optimal conditions, the proposed aptasensor showed excellent performance with a linear range from 10 ⁻⁶ μM to 10 μM and a detection limit of 3.76×10 ⁻⁸ μM by differential pulse voltammetry. In addition, the proposed biosensor showed an outstanding performance with reproducibility, stability and anti‐interference ability, and was applied to the determination of ATP in real samples.

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Hui-Lin Guo, Xian-Fei Wang, Qing-Yun Qian … (2009)

Graphene can be viewed as an individual atomic plane extracted from graphite, as unrolled single-walled carbon nanotube or as an extended flat fullerene molecule. In this paper, a facile approach to the synthesis of high quality graphene nanosheets in large scale through electrochemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide precursor at cathodic potentials (completely reduced potential: -1.5 V) is reported. This method is green and fast, and will not result in contamination of the reduced material. The electrochemically reduced graphene nanosheets have been carefully characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques in comparison to the chemically reduced graphene-based product. Particularly, FTIR spectra indicate that a variety of the oxygen-containing functional groups have been thoroughly removed from the graphite oxide plane via electrochemical reduction. The chemically converted materials are not expected to exhibit graphene's electronic properties because of residual defects. Indeed, the high quality graphene accelerates the electron transfer rate in dopamine electrochemistry (DeltaE(p) is as small as 44 mV which is much smaller than that on a glassy carbon electrode). This approach opens up the possibility for assembling graphene biocomposites for electrocatalysis and the construction of biosensors.

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Hongshuai Hou, Craig Banks, Mingjun Jing … (2015)

A new methodology for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for large production is proposed. The as-obtained CQDs can be transformed into 3D porous carbon frameworks exhibiting superb sodium storage properties with ultralong cycle life and ultrahigh rate capability, comparable to state-of-the-art carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.